Silicosis classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Classification
Classification of silicosis is made according to the disease's severity, onset, and rapidity of progression. These include:
- Chronic silicosis
Occurs after 15-20 years of exposure to moderate to low levels of silica dust. Chronic silicosis itself is further subdivided into simple and complicated silicoses. This is the most common type of silicosis. Patients with this type of silicosis may not have obvious symptoms, so a chest X-ray is necessary to determine if there is lung damage.
- Asymptomatic silicosis
Early cases of the disease do not present any symptoms
- Accelerated silicosis
Silicosis that develops 5-10 years after high exposure to silica dust. Symptoms include severe shortness of breath, weakness, and weight loss.
- Acute silicosis
Silicosis that develops a few months to 2 years after exposure to very high concentrations of silica dust. Symptoms of acute silicosis include severe disabling shortness of breath, weakness, and weight loss, often leading to death.
- Simple chronic >10 years Nodules <10 mm Nosymptoms and Normal pulmonary function
- Complicated chronic >10 years , nodules >1 cm Dyspnea and Cough , Obstructive or restrictive changes, variable severity
- Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis >10 years , Diffuse reticulonodular pattern symptoms Dyspnea, Cough , Restrictive changes with reduced diffusion capacity ,the main symptom is dyspnea. Radiological findings are very similar to those of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Not much information is available on this form of the disease, but a recent study reported an incidence of 11% of pneumoconiosis cases with radiological findings interpreted as IPF.[1]
- Accelerated 5–10 years Rapidly progressing nodules and masses Dyspnea, Cough Rapidly deteriorating lung function (FVC and FEV1) This is an intermediate entity between the acute and the chronic forms that generally appears after a period of exposure of 5– 10 years and progresses more often and more rapidly to complicated forms.[2], [3]
- Acute(silico proteinosis) <5 years Bilateral acinar pattern similar to alveolar proteinosis Dyspnea Generally restrictive changes with reduced diffusion capacity Extremely high levels of silica exposure can result in the rapid appearance of silicoproteinosis or accelerated silicosis.Acute silicosis is generally caused by massive exposure. It is similar to alveolar proteinosis, and presents with dyspnea, weight loss and progressive respiratory failure.18Bilateral perihilar consolidations similar to alveolar proteinosis are seen on chest X-rays, and high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) reveals ground glass opacities or air space consolidations.
References
- ↑ Arakawa H, Johkoh T, Honma K, Saito Y, Fukushima Y, Shida H; et al. (2007). "Chronic interstitial pneumonia in silicosis and mix-dust pneumoconiosis: its prevalence and comparison of CT findings with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis". Chest. 131 (6): 1870–6. doi:10.1378/chest.06-2553. PMID 17400659.
- ↑ Park R, Rice F, Stayner L, Smith R, Gilbert S, Checkoway H (2002). "Exposure to crystalline silica, silicosis, and lung disease other than cancer in diatomaceous earth industry workers: a quantitative risk assessment". Occup Environ Med. 59 (1): 36–43. PMC 1740205. PMID 11836467.
- ↑ Greenberg MI, Waksman J, Curtis J (2007). "Silicosis: a review". Dis Mon. 53 (8): 394–416. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2007.09.020. PMID 17976433.