Lung cancer causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Kim-Son H. Nguyen, M.D., M.P.A., Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

The direct cause of lung cancers is DNA mutations that often result in either activation of proto-oncogenes (e.g. K-RAS) or the inactivation of tumors suppressor genes (e.g. TP53) or both. The risk of these genetic mutations may be increased following exposure to environmental components, which are regarded as risk factors that predispose to the development of lung cancer.

Causes

• Lung cancer is the deadliest type of cancer for both men and women.

• Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer.

• The direct cause of lung cancers is DNA mutations that often result in either activation of proto-oncogenes (e.g. K-RAS) or the inactivation of tumors suppressor genes (e.g. TP53) or both.
• The risk of these genetic mutations may be increased following exposure to environmental components, which are regarded as risk factors that predispose to the development of lung cancer.

The following may also increase one's risk of lung cancer:

• High levels of air pollution
• High levels of arsenic in drinking water
• Radon gas
• Asbestos
• Family history of lung cancer
• Radiation therapy to the lungs
• Exposure to cancer-causing chemicals such as uranium, beryllium, vinyl chloride, nickel chromates, coal products, mustard gas, chloromethyl ethers, gasoline, and diesel exhaust
• To view a comprehensive list of risk factors that increase the risk of lung cancer, click here

References

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