Esophageal cancer pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]
Overview
The pathophysiology of esophageal cancer depends on the histological subtype.
Pathophysiology
Pathology
Microscopic pathology
Squamous cell carcinoma
Atypical squamous cells with invasion through the basement membrane:
- Cytology:
- Nucleus - typical central
- Mitoses may be present
- Cytoplasm - "dense-appearing", typically eosinophilic (may be intensely eosinophilic)
- Squamous whorls may be present[1]
Adenocarcinoma[2]
- Invading cell clusters or glands
- Cribriforming (more than rare) or desmoplasia or "deep" invasion (into submucosa)
- Nuclear atypia of malignancy:
- Size variation
- Shape variation
- Staining variation
- Mitoses (common)