Uveal melanoma risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma are cutaneous and iris nevi, host pigmentation factors, and ultraviolet light exposure.
Risk Factors
Common risk factors in the development of uveal melanoma include:
- Cutaneous and iris nevi
- Atypical cutaneous nevi
- Common cutaneous nevi
- Cutaneous freckles
- Iris nevi
- The risk of progression of iris nevi to melanoma at 5, 10, 15, and 20 years is 3, 4, 8, and 11 percent, respectively. Significant risks factors associated with an increased :risk of transformation include younger age, inferior location, diffuse pigmentation, presence of blood in the lesion, ectropion, and a feathery margin.[1]
- Choroidal nevi
- Generally, choroidal melanoma arises in pigmented nevi. The risk of progression to melanoma at 5, 10, and 15 years is 9, 13, and 17 percent, respectively.[2]
- Significant risk factors associated with an increased risk of transformation of choroidal nevi to choroidal melanoma include thickness greater than 2 mm, subretinal fluid :accumulation, symptoms such as decreased vision and presence of flashes or floaters, presence of orange pigment, distance from the optic nerve less than 3 mm, hollow rather :than solid on ultrasound, and absence of a halo.
- Host pigmentation factors
- Light eye color
- Fair skin color
- Propensity to sunburn
- Ultraviolet light exposure
References
- ↑ Shields CL, Kaliki S, Hutchinson A, Nickerson S, Patel J, Kancherla S; et al. (2013). "Iris nevus growth into melanoma: analysis of 1611 consecutive eyes: the ABCDEF guide". Ophthalmology. 120 (4): 766–72. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.09.042. PMID 23290981.
- ↑ Shields CL, Furuta M, Berman EL, Zahler JD, Hoberman DM, Dinh DH; et al. (2009). "Choroidal nevus transformation into melanoma: analysis of 2514 consecutive cases". Arch Ophthalmol. 127 (8): 981–7. doi:10.1001/archophthalmol.2009.151. PMID 19667334.