Hepatoblastoma natural history
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Hepatoblastoma Microchapters |
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Hepatoblastoma natural history On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Hepatoblastoma natural history |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Faizan Sheraz, M.D. [2] Nawal Muazam M.D.[3]
Overview
If left untreated, patients with hepatoblastoma may progress to develop failure to thrive, weight loss, rapidly enlarging abdominal mass, spontaneous rupture, hemorrhage and death.[1] Common complications of hepatoblastoma include paraneoplastic features, erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, hypocalcemia, isosexual precocious puberty, and hypoglycemia.[1] The 5-year survival rate of children with hepatoblastoma is approximately 70%.[2]
Natural History
Hepatoblastoma tends to grow rapidly. If left untreated, patients with hepatoblastoma may progress to develop failure to thrive, weight loss, rapidly enlarging abdominal mass, spontaneous rupture, hemorrhage and death.[1]
Complications
Paraneoplastic features of hepatoblastoma are not uncommon at presentation and include:[1]
Prognosis
- The 5-year survival rate of children with hepatoblastoma is approximately 70%.[2]
- The table below lists prognosis of hepatoblastma based on staging:[3]
| Subtype | Description |
|---|---|
| Stage I |
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| Stage II |
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| Stage III |
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| Stage IV |
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Factors that Affect Prognosis (chance of recovery) and Treatment Options
- The 5-year survival rate of children with hepatoblastoma is approximately 70%.
- Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) commonly is elevated, but when AFP is not elevated at diagnosis the prognosis is poor.[4]
- The prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options depend on the following:
- The stage of the cancer
- Involvement of the liver
- Metastasis
- Subtype of hepatoblastoma
- Prognosis may also depends on:
- Certain features of the cancer cell (determined microscopically).
- Alpha-fetoprotein blood levels after chemotherapy is initiated.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Madabhavi, Irappa; Patel, Apurva; Choudhary, Mukesh; Aagre, Suhas; Revannasiddaiah, Swaroop; Modi, Gaurang; Anand, Asha; Panchal, Harsha; Parikh, Sonia; Raut, Shreeniwas (2014). "Paraneoplastic Recurrent Hypoglycaemic Seizures: An Initial Presentation of Hepatoblastoma in an Adolescent Male—A Rare Entity". Case Reports in Pediatrics. 2014: 1–5. doi:10.1155/2014/104543. ISSN 2090-6803.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Prognosis and Prognostic Factors. National Cancer Institute 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/liver/hp/child-liver-treatment-pdq#link/_570_toc. Accessed on October 28, 2015
- ↑ Treatment and prognosis of hepatoblastoma. Dr Frank Gaillard et al. Radiopaedia 2015. http://radiopaedia.org/articles/hepatoblastoma. Accessed on November 3, 2015
- ↑ De Ioris M, Brugieres L, Zimmermann A, Keeling J, Brock P, Maibach R, Pritchard J, Shafford L, Zsiros J, Czaudzerna P, Perilongo G (2007). "Hepatoblastoma with a low serum alpha-fetoprotein level at diagnosis: The SIOPEL group experience". Eur J Cancer. 44: 545. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2007.11.022. PMID 18166449.