Parathyroid cancer historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]
Overview
Discovery
- The parathyroid glands were first discovered in the Indian Rhinoceros by Richard Owen in 1852.[1] In his description of the neck anatomy, Owen referred to the glands as "a small compact yellow glandular body attached to the thyroid at the point where the veins emerged".
- The glands were first discovered in humans by Ivar Viktor Sandström (1852–1889), a Swedish medical student, in 1880 at Uppsala University.[2] Unaware of Owen's description, he described the glands in his monograph "On a New Gland in Man and Fellow Animals" as the "glandulae parathyroidae", noting its existence in dogs, cats, rabbits, oxen, horses and humans.[3][4] For several years, Sandström's description received little attention.[5]
- Physiologist Eugene Gley first documented the putative function of the glands in 1891, noting the connection between their removal and the development of muscular tetani. William G. MacCallum in 1908, investigating tumours of the parathyroid, proposed their role in calcium metabolism.[4] He noted that "Tetany occurs spontaneously in many forms and may also be produced by the destruction of the parathyroid glands".[6]
- Parathyroid hormone was isolated in 1923 by Adolph M. Hanson and 1925 by James B. Collip. Studies of parathyroid hormone levels by Roger Guillemin, Andrew Schally and Rosalyn Sussman Yalow led to the development of immunoassays capable of measuring body substances and a Nobel Prize in 1977.[2][4]
Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies
- The first successful removal of the parathyroid may have been carried out in 1928 by medical doctor Isaac Y Olch, whose intern had noticed elevated calcium levels in an elderly patient with muscle weakness. Prior to this surgery, patients with removed parathyroid glands typically died from muscular tetani.[4]
References
- ↑ Cave, A.J.E. (1953). "Richard Owen and the discovery of the parathyroid glands" (PDF). In E. Ashworth Underwood. Science, Medicine and History. Essays on the Evolution of Scientific Thought and Medical Practice. 2. Oxford University Press. pp. 217–222. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Eknoyan G (November 1995). "A history of the parathyroid glands". American Journal of Kidney Disease. 26 (5): 801–7. doi:10.1016/0272-6386(95)90447-6. PMID 7485136.
- ↑ "On a New Gland in Man and Several Mammals (Glandulæ Parathyreoideæ)". Journal of the American Medical Association. 111 (2): 197. 9 July 1938. doi:10.1001/jama.1938.02790280087037.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 DuBose, Joseph; Ragsdale, Timothy; Morvant, Jason (January 2005). ""Bodies so tiny": The history of parathyroid surgery". Current Surgery. 62 (1): 91–95. doi:10.1016/j.cursur.2004.07.012.
- ↑ Carney, JA (Sep 1996). "The glandulae parathyroideae of Ivar Sandström. Contributions from two continents". The American journal of surgical pathology. 20 (9): 1123–44. doi:10.1097/00000478-199609000-00010. PMID 8764749.
- ↑ Maccallum, W. G; Voegtlin, C. (Jan 9, 1909). "On the Relation of Tetant to the Parathyroid Glands and to Calcium Metabolism". The Journal of experimental medicine. 11 (1): 118–51. doi:10.1084/jem.11.1.118. PMC 2124703. PMID 19867238.