Sandbox:Otitis externa causes

	Otitis externa Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Otitis Externa from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
CT
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Sandbox:Otitis externa causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Sandbox:Otitis externa causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA onSandbox:Otitis externa causes
CDC on Sandbox:Otitis externa causes
externa causes in the news
on Sandbox:Otitis externa causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Otitis externa
Risk calculators and risk factors for Sandbox:Otitis externa causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Luke Rusowicz-Orazem, B.S.

Overview

The primary cause of otitis externa is bacterial; the majority of cases result from Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Staphylococcus aureus infections. Otomycosis can also cause otitis externa, with primary infectious fungi including Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

Causes of otitis externa include all infectious sources ofinflammation of the external ear canal.^[1]

The primary bacterial infectious causes of otitis externa are the following:^[2]
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa^[2]
- Staphylococcus aureus
Additional bacterial causes include the following:^[3]
- Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Microbacterium otitidis
- Microbacterium alconae
- Staphylococcus caprae
- Staphylococcus auricularis
- Enterococcus faecalis
- Enterobacter cloacae
- Staphylococcus capitis
- Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Infectious bacteria that thrive in water can cause otitis externa due to facilitated transport to the ear canal.^[4]

Otomycosis can cause otitis externa, with primary infectious fungi including the following:^[5]
- Candida albicans
- Aspergillus niger
Otomycosis-caused otitis externa is common after prolonged antibiotic therapy.^[1]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Hajioff D, Mackeith S (2008). "Otitis externa". BMJ Clin Evid. 2008. PMC 2907945. PMID 19450296.
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Williams, K. P.; Gillespie, J. J.; Sobral, B. W. S.; Nordberg, E. K.; Snyder, E. E.; Shallom, J. M.; Dickerman, A. W. (2010). "Phylogeny of Gammaproteobacteria". Journal of Bacteriology. 192 (9): 2305–2314. doi:10.1128/JB.01480-09. ISSN 0021-9193.
↑ Roland PS, Stroman DW (2002). "Microbiology of acute otitis externa". Laryngoscope. 112 (7 Pt 1): 1166–77. doi:10.1097/00005537-200207000-00005. PMID 12169893.
↑ "Swimmer's ear : MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia".
↑ Rosenfeld, R; Brown, L; Cannon, C; Dolor, R; Ganiats, T; Hannley, M; Kokemueller, P; Marcy, S; Roland, P; Shiffman, R (2006). "Clinical practice guideline: Acute otitis externa". Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 134 (4): S4–S23. doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2006.02.014. ISSN 0194-5998.