Urethritis causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Seyedmahdi Pahlavani, M.D. [2]
Overview
Urethritis may be caused by either infectious or non infectious causes. Non-gonorrheal causes are the most common cause of urethritis.
Causes
Urethritis may be caused by either infectious or non infectious causes. Infectious causes are divided to gonorrheal and non-gonorrheal[1]. Non-gonorrheal pathogens are the most common cause of urethritis, Chlamydia trachomatis on top of them[2][1][3].
| Causes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non Infectious causes[4] | Infectious causes[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Heavy precipitation of urinary crystals Chemicals bobble bath Stevens-Johnson syndrome Spermicides | Gonococcal Urethritis[2] | Nongonococcal Urethritis[5][6][7] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chlamydia trachomatis Trichomonas vaginalis Mycoplasma genitalium Herpes simplex virus Adenovirus Ureaplasma urealyticum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Al-Sweih NA, Khan S, Rotimi VO (2011). "The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among men with urethritis in Kuwait". J Infect Public Health. 4 (4): 175–9. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2011.07.003. PMID 22000844.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kimberly A. Workowski & Gail A. Bolan (2015). "Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015". MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control. 64 (RR-03): 1–137. PMID 26042815. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 3.0 3.1 Le Roux MC, Ramoncha MR, Adam A, Hoosen AA (2010). "Aetiological agents of urethritis in symptomatic South African men attending a family practice". Int J STD AIDS. 21 (7): 477–81. doi:10.1258/ijsa.2010.010066. PMID 20852197.
- ↑ Herz D, Weiser A, Collette T, Reda E, Levitt S, Franco I (2005). "Dysfunctional elimination syndrome as an etiology of idiopathic urethritis in childhood". J. Urol. 173 (6): 2132–7. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000157686.28359.c7. PMID 15879866.
- ↑ K. K. Holmes, H. H. Handsfield, S. P. Wang, B. B. Wentworth, M. Turck, J. B. Anderson & E. R. Alexander (1975). "Etiology of nongonococcal urethritis". The New England journal of medicine. 292 (23): 1199–1205. doi:10.1056/NEJM197506052922301. PMID 165407. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ David H. Martin (2008). "Nongonococcal urethritis: new views through the prism of modern molecular microbiology". Current infectious disease reports. 10 (2): 128–132. PMID 18462587. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Michael J. Schlicht, Steven D. Lovrich, Jeffrey S. Sartin, Patricia Karpinsky, Steven M. Callister & William A. Agger (2004). "High prevalence of genital mycoplasmas among sexually active young adults with urethritis or cervicitis symptoms in La Crosse, Wisconsin". Journal of clinical microbiology. 42 (10): 4636–4640. doi:10.1128/JCM.42.10.4636-4640.2004. PMID 15472322. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)