Patients With Cervical Artery Dissection

Carotid artery stenosis Microchapters
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Overview
Historical Perspective
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Causes
Differentiating Carotid artery stenosis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
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Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Testing Guidelines
History and Symptoms
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MRA
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Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
ACC/AHA Guideline Recommendations
Diagnostic Testing Guidelines Recommendation
Primary Prevention and Screening Guidelines Recommendations
Secondary Prevention Guidelines Recommendations
Selection of Patients for Carotid Revascularization
Periprocedural Management of Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy
Management of Patients Undergoing Carotid Artery Stenting
Restenosis After Carotid Endarterectomy or Stenting
Vascular Imaging in Patients With Vertebral Artery Disease
Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Patients With Vertebral Artery Disease
Occlusive Disease of the Subclavian and Brachiocephalic Arteries
Fibromuscular Dysplasia
Cervical Artery Dissection
Case Studies
Case #1
Patients With Cervical Artery Dissection On the Web
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NICE Guidance
FDA on Patients With Cervical Artery Dissection
CDC on Patients With Cervical Artery Dissection
Patients With Cervical Artery Dissection in the news
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Carotid artery stenosis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Patients With Cervical Artery Dissection

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Class I

"1.Contrast-enhanced CTA, MRA, and catheter-based contrast angiography are useful for diagnosis of cervical artery dissection. (Level of Evidence: C)"

Class IIa

"1.For patients with symptomatic cervical artery dissection, anticoagulation with intravenous heparin (dose-adjusted to prolong the partial thromboplastin time to 1.5 to 2.0 times the control value) followed by warfarin (dose-adjusted to achieve a target INR of 2.5 [range 2.0 to 3.0]), low-molecular-weight heparin (in the dose recommended for treatment of venous thromboembolism with the selected agent) followed by warfarin (dose-adjusted to achieve a target INR of 2.5 [range 2.0 to 3.0]), or oral anticoagulation without antecedent heparin can be beneficial for 3 to 6 months, followed by antiplatelet therapy with aspirin (81 to 325 mg daily) or clopidogrel (75 mg daily). (Level of Evidence: C) "

Class IIb

"1.Carotid angioplasty and stenting might be considered when ischemic neurological symptoms have not responded to antithrombotic therapy after acute carotid dissection. (Level of Evidence: C) "

"2.The safety and effectiveness of pharmacological therapy with a beta-adrenergic antagonist, angiotensin inhibitor, or nondihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist (verapamil or diltiazem) to lower blood pressure to the normal range and reduce arterial wall stress are not well established (Level of Evidence: C) "