Congenital rubella syndrome differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Differentiating Congenital Rubella Syndrome from other Diseases

The most important congenital infections, which can be transmitted vertically from mother to fetus are the TORCH infections. These infections have overlapping features and hence, must be differentiated from CRS:

Congenital Infection	Cardiac Findings	Skin Findings	Ocular Findings	Hepatosplenomegaly	Hydrocephaly	Microcephaly	Intracranial Calcifications	Hearing deficits
Toxoplasmosis			Chorioretinitis	✔	✔	✔	Diffuse intracranial calcifications
Treponema pallidum			Chorioretinitis Glaucoma	✔
Rubella	Patent ductus arteriosus		Chorioretinitis Cataracts Microphthalmia	✔	✔			✔
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)			Chorioretinitis	✔		✔	Periventricular calcifications	✔
Herpes simplex virus (HSV)			Chorioretinitis	✔	✔	✔		✔
Parvovirus B19			Chorioretinitis Catarcts	✔