Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2] Shivani Chaparala M.B.B.S [3]
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence of SBP[1]
- The prevalence of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites admitted to the hospital ranges from 10%-30%.
- About 50% of cases are present at the time of hospitalization and 50% develop during the hospitalization.
Incidence of SBP
In hospitalized patients
- Studies have demonstrated a 12% incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis.
In outpatient clinic ED setting
- 2 studies examining asymptomatic patients presenting for a therapeutic paracentesis showed a combined 2.5% incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (defined as absolute neutrophil count >250 cells/mm3) in 545 patients.[2][3]
Mortality rate of SBP
- The in-hospital mortality for SBP ranges from 10%-50% depending on various factors.
- Mortality is 20% even in treated SBP patients
- Overall one-year mortality rate after a first episode of SBP is 30%-93% regardless of its recurrence.
- The effect of SBP on the mortality of cirrhotic patients with ascites disappeared in those surviving more than 90 days after the first SBP event.[4]
Age
- The maximum incidence of SBP was in age group of 41–50 years and the mean age of presentation was 49 years.[5]
Gender
- In patients with ascites both sexes are affected equally. Male are more commonly affected with SBP probably due to increased alcohol intake leading to cirrhosis.[5]
In patients with ascites who underwent routine paracentesis, the incidence of active spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ranged from 10% to 27% at the time of hospital admission.[6] There is an increase in prevalence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitisin patients admitted to hospital.
References
- ↑ Bunchorntavakul C, Chamroonkul N, Chavalitdhamrong D (2016). "Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: A critical review and practical guidance". World J Hepatol. 8 (6): 307–21. doi:10.4254/wjh.v8.i6.307. PMC 4766259. PMID 26962397.
- ↑ Evans, L (2003). "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in asymptomatic outpatients with cirrhotic ascites". Hepatology. 37 (4): 897–901. doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50119. ISSN 0270-9139.
- ↑ Chinnock, Brian; Afarian, Hagop; Minnigan, Hal; Butler, Jack; Hendey, Gregory W. (2008). "Physician Clinical Impression Does Not Rule Out Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients Undergoing Emergency Department Paracentesis". Annals of Emergency Medicine. 52 (3): 268–273. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2008.02.016. ISSN 0196-0644.
- ↑ Hung TH, Tsai CC, Hsieh YH, Tsai CC, Tseng CW, Tseng KC (2016). "The Effect of the First Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Event on the Mortality of Cirrhotic Patients with Ascites: A Nationwide Population-Based Study in Taiwan". Gut Liver. 10 (5): 803–7. doi:10.5009/gnl13468. PMC 5003205. PMID 27563023.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Paul K, Kaur J, Kazal HL (2015). "To Study the Incidence, Predictive Factors and Clinical Outcome of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients of Cirrhosis with Ascites". J Clin Diagn Res. 9 (7): OC09–12. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2015/14855.6191. PMC 4572986. PMID 26393155.
- ↑ Runyon BA (1988). "Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: an explosion of information". Hepatology. 8 (1): 171–5. doi:10.1002/hep.1840080131. PMID 3338704.