Systemic lupus erythematosus epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]; Raviteja Guddeti, M.B.B.S. [3]
Overview
Worldwide, the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus is 60 per 100,000 persons. In North America, South America, Europe, and Asia, the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus ranges from a low of 1 per 100,000 persons to a high of 20 per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of 12 per 100,000 persons. The overall mortality rate of lupus is very high, estimated to have approximately 50,000 death of 100,000. Women are more commonly affected with systemic lupus erythematosus than men. Systemic lupus erythematosus flare ups are more prevalent in women. Systemic lupus erythematosus is more prevalent in the African race and Asian races.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Worldwide, the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus is 60 per 100,000 persons.[1]
- Worldwide, a conservative estimate states that over 5 million people have lupus.
- In United States, the prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus ranges from a low of 20 per 100,000 persons to a high of 150 per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of 25 per 100,000 persons.[1]
Incidence
- In North America, South America, Europe, and Asia, the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus ranges from a low of 1 per 100,000 persons to a high of 20 per 100,000 persons with an average prevalence of 12 per 100,000 persons.[1]
- Systemic lupus erythematosus incidence has approximately tripled during the past 3-4 decades. The increase in incidence is mainly attributed to improvement in diagnostic tests, that has led to SLE diagnosis in earlier stages of the disease.
Case Fatality Rate
- The overall mortality rate of lupus is very high, estimated to have approximately 50,000 death of 100,000.[1]
- Approximately one third of deaths from SLE occur among persons aged <45 years.
- Non-Causcasian race is a risk factor for death from SLE.
- SLE mortality is most frequently caused by active SLE or by associated organ failure, infection, or cardiovascular disease from accelerated atherosclerosis.
Age
- The disease is more common in the young patient population even though it can occur at any age.
- Sixty-five percent of patients with SLE have disease onset between the ages of 16 and 55.
Gender
- Women are more commonly affected with systemic lupus erythematosus than men. Systemic lupus erythematosus flare ups are more prevalent in women.
- The female to male ratio is approximately 5 to 1.
- Men with lupus tend to have higher frequencies of renal disease, skin manifestations, cytopenias, serositis, neurologic involvement, thrombosis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and vasculitis than women.
Race
- Systemic lupus erythematosus is more prevalent in the African race and Asian races.
- The disease appears to be more common in urban than rural areas.
- Non-Causcasian race is a risk factor for death from SLE.
- SLE occurs with much greater severity among African-American women, who suffer more severe symptoms as well as a higher case fatality rate. [1][2]