Systemic lupus erythematosus electrocardiogram

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

The most important and prevalent ECG findings associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) include sinus tachycardia, ST segment changes, and ventricular conduction disturbances.

Electrocardiogram

The most important and prevalent ECG findings associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) include sinus tachycardia, ST segment changes, and ventricular conduction disturbances. SLE can affect cardiopulmonary system in different ways including pulmonary emboli development, Libman sacks endocarditis, and conduction problems. ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Important ECG findings in SLE patients based on prevalance:

Cardiac complication		ECG findings
Cardiomegaly		≥ QRS amplitude Widened QRS/T angle Left Atrial Enlargement in V1 Left axis deviation
Libman sacks endocarditis	Heart failure	P wave changes R wave height changes Primary increase Decrease after progression
Libman sacks endocarditis	Myocardial infarction	Due to emboli ST elevation in at least 2 contiguous leads of 2 mm (0.2 mV) in men or 1.5 mm (0.15 mV) in women in leads V2–V3 and/or of 1 mm (0.1mV) in other contiguous chest leads or the limb leads ST depression in at least two precordial leads V1-V4 (suggestive of posterior MI) ST depression in several leads plus ST elevation in lead aVR (suggestive of occlusion of the left main or proximal LAD artery) New left bundle branch block (LBBB)
Valvular involvement	Mitral valve stenosis	ECG findings suggestive of left atrial enlargement include: Broad, bifasic P wave in lead II (P mitrale) Enlargement of the terminal negative portion of the P wave in VI P wave amplitude >2.5mm in inferior leads (II, III, AVF) or >1.5mm in V1/V2 (P pulmonale)
Valvular involvement	Mitral regurgitation	ECG findings suggestive of left atrial enlargement include: Broad, bifasic P wave in lead II (P mitrale) Enlargement of the terminal negative portion of the P wave in V1 P wave amplitude >2.5mm in inferior leads (II, III, AVF) or >1.5mm in V1/V2 (P pulmonale) ECG findings suggestive of left ventricular enlargement include: Increased QRS voltage on ECG Strain pattern Inverted check mark pattern to the T wave in the lateral leads
aArrythmias	Ventricular arryhthmias	Incomplete bundle branch block Right bundle branch block Left bundle branch block Left anterior fascicular block Left posterior fascicular block
aArrythmias	Supraventricular arrhythmias	Premature atrial complexes Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter
Pericardial disease	Acute pericarditis	Typical lead involvement: I, II, aVL, aVF, and V3-V6 The ST segment depression: Always in aVR Frequently in V1 Occasionally in V2 J point in V6 > 25% of the height of the T wave apex Reduce voltage with quasi-specific ST-T waves due to increase in scar tissue, fluid and fibrin The EKG abnormalities vary depending on the stage/severity of the pericarditis
Pericardial disease	Pericardial effusion	Electrical alternans An electrocardiographic phenomenon of alternation of QRS complex amplitude or axis between beats
Myocarditis		The ECG findings most commonly seen in myocarditis are: Sinus tachycardia Diffuse T wave inversions ST segment elevation without reciprocal depression Low voltage of the QRS complexes Arrhythmias such as atrial and ventricular ectopic beats, atrial and ventricular tachycardias and atrial fibrillation
Coronary artery disease		Exercise tolerance test: ST segment changes considering duration and number of leads affected Occurrence exercise induced ventricular arrhythmia Hemodynamic changes during test

References

↑ Bourré-Tessier J, Urowitz MB, Clarke AE, Bernatsky S, Krantz MJ, Huynh T, Joseph L, Belisle P, Bae SC, Hanly JG, Wallace DJ, Gordon C, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Gladman DD, Fortin PR, Merrill JT, Romero-Diaz J, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Fessler B, Alarcón GS, Steinsson K, Bruce IN, Ginzler E, Dooley MA, Nived O, Sturfelt G, Kalunian K, Ramos-Casals M, Petri M, Zoma A, Pineau CA (2015). "Electrocardiographic findings in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from an international inception cohort". Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 67 (1): 128–35. doi:10.1002/acr.22370. PMID 24838943.
↑ Tsunakawa H, Miyamoto N, Kawabata M, Mashima S (1993). "[Electrocardiogram in heart failure]". Nippon Rinsho (in Japanese). 51 (5): 1222–32. PMID 8331790.
↑ Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO (2010). "Valvular heart disease: diagnosis and management". Mayo Clin Proc. 85 (5): 483–500. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0706. PMC 2861980. PMID 20435842.
↑ TROUNCE JR (1952). "The electrocardiogram in mitral stenosis". Br Heart J. 14 (2): 185–92. PMC 479442. PMID 14916061.
↑ Nakashima H, Honda Y, Katayama T (1994). "Serial electrocardiographic findings in acute myocarditis". Intern. Med. 33 (11): 659–66. PMID 7849377.
↑ Feldman AM, McNamara D (2000). "Myocarditis". N Engl J Med. 343 (19): 1388–98. doi:10.1056/NEJM200011093431908. PMID 11070105.
↑ Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL (2004). "Pericarditis". Lancet. 363 (9410): 717–27. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15648-1. PMID 15001332.
↑ Spodick DH (2003). "Acute pericarditis: current concepts and practice". JAMA. 289 (9): 1150–3. doi:10.1001/jama.289.9.1150. PMID 12622586.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid24838943-1] Bourré-Tessier J, Urowitz MB, Clarke AE, Bernatsky S, Krantz MJ, Huynh T, Joseph L, Belisle P, Bae SC, Hanly JG, Wallace DJ, Gordon C, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Gladman DD, Fortin PR, Merrill JT, Romero-Diaz J, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Fessler B, Alarcón GS, Steinsson K, Bruce IN, Ginzler E, Dooley MA, Nived O, Sturfelt G, Kalunian K, Ramos-Casals M, Petri M, Zoma A, Pineau CA (2015). "Electrocardiographic findings in systemic lupus erythematosus: data from an international inception cohort". Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 67 (1): 128–35. doi:10.1002/acr.22370. PMID 24838943.

[pmid8331790-2] Tsunakawa H, Miyamoto N, Kawabata M, Mashima S (1993). "[Electrocardiogram in heart failure]". Nippon Rinsho (in Japanese). 51 (5): 1222–32. PMID 8331790.

[pmid20435842-3] Maganti K, Rigolin VH, Sarano ME, Bonow RO (2010). "Valvular heart disease: diagnosis and management". Mayo Clin Proc. 85 (5): 483–500. doi:10.4065/mcp.2009.0706. PMC 2861980. PMID 20435842.

[pmid14916061-4] TROUNCE JR (1952). "The electrocardiogram in mitral stenosis". Br Heart J. 14 (2): 185–92. PMC 479442. PMID 14916061.

[pmid7849377-5] Nakashima H, Honda Y, Katayama T (1994). "Serial electrocardiographic findings in acute myocarditis". Intern. Med. 33 (11): 659–66. PMID 7849377.

[pmid110701052-6] Feldman AM, McNamara D (2000). "Myocarditis". N Engl J Med. 343 (19): 1388–98. doi:10.1056/NEJM200011093431908. PMID 11070105.

[troughton-7] Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL (2004). "Pericarditis". Lancet. 363 (9410): 717–27. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15648-1. PMID 15001332.

[spodick-8] Spodick DH (2003). "Acute pericarditis: current concepts and practice". JAMA. 289 (9): 1150–3. doi:10.1001/jama.289.9.1150. PMID 12622586.

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Systemic lupus erythematosus electrocardiogram

Overview

Electrocardiogram

Important ECG findings in SLE patients based on prevalance:

References

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