Scrotal mass physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common physical examination findings of scrotal mass include a tender mass which is having a smooth, twisted, or irregular shape and liquid, firm, or solid in consistency. The ipsilateral inguinal lymph nodes may be enlarged or tender.[1] physical examination of scrotal masses depends on causes.common physical examinations in testicular tortion is an elevated ,horizontlly aligned testicle. Also they have severe tenderness and firm in palpation.Cremastic reflex and phren sign are absent.In testicular apendix tortion ,phathognomonic sign is Blue dot,which is a nodule with blue discoloration.In hydrocele transillumination test will be positive.
Physical Evaluation
The physical examination findings of scrotal mass depend on the cause of the mass. The likely diagnoses of a scrotal mass based on physical examination findings include:[2]
Swelling of the Testis
Swelling of the testis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Tender, onset <24 hours | Nontender, gradual onset | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Torsion versus orchitis | Solid | Transilluminates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Emergent surgical referral | Suspect testicular cancer; order sonography or refer | Hydrocele obscuring testis; order sonography to confirm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adapted from American academy of family physicians.[2]
Swelling of the Epididymis
Swelling of the epididymis | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diffusely swollen, tender, acute onset | Nodule, stable in size | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Epididymitis | Spermatocele; sonography to confirm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adapted from American academy of family physicians.[2]
Swelling of the Spermatic Cord
Swelling of the spermatic cord | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Swelling extends to inguinal ring | "Bag of worms" texture | Smooth, transilluminates | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Indirect inguinal hernia | Varicocele | Hydrocele | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adapted from American academy of family physicians.[2]
Swelling of the Skin
Swelling of the skin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Irregular, enlarging; occupational risk | Smooth, cystic, stable in size | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
TRule out squamous cell carcinoma | Sebaceous cyst | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Adapted from American academy of family physicians.[2]
References
- ↑ Exams and tests for scrotal mass. US National Library of Medicine 2016. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/001283.htm. Accessed on March 22, 2016
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Evaluation of scrotal mass. American academy of family physicians 2016. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2008/1115/p1165.html. Accessed on March 22, 2016