Autoimmune hepatitis classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:  ;Manpreet Kaur, MD [2]

Classification

According to European Association for the Study of the Liver, there are three types of Autoimmune hepatitis discussed below:

• Autoimmune hepatitis Type-1:
  • Common type of AIH (accounts almost for 90% of AIH cases)
  • Presents at any age
  • Antibodies like ANA(antinuclear antibodies), SMA(smooth muscle antibodies) or anti-SLA/LP(soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antibodies) can be detected
  • Association with HLA(human leukocyte antigens)DR3, DR4, and DR13
  • Treatment failure is rare but relapse occur after withdrawal of treatment and long-term maintenance therapy is given
• Autoimmune hepatitis Type 2:
  • Accounts for 10% of AIH cases
  • Presents usually in childhood and young adulthood
  • Antibodies like anti-LKM1(liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 1), anti-LC1(antibodies against liver cytosol type 1 antigen) and rarely anti-LKM3(liver/kidney microsomal antibody type 3) can be detected
  • Association with HLA DR3 and DR7
  • Treatment failure is common and frequent relapse rates after withdrawal of treatment and long-term maintenance therapy commonly advised
• Autoimmune hepatitis Type 3:
  • AIH type 3 is similar to AIH type 1 but presents more severe.
  • SLA/LP(soluble liver antigen/liver pancreas antibodies) is detected
  • Ro52-antibody positive