Dyspepsia history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ajay Gade MD[2]]
Overview
The history and symptoms of dyspepsia are pain or a burning feeling in the upper portion of the stomach, nausea, bloating, sometimes uncontrollable burping, heartburn, fever, metallic taste, rumbling in the stomach, sense of fullness after eating, feeling as though something is lodged in the esophagus, pain and discomfort at the xiphoid region, sudden chills, comparable to those felt during fevers.
History
Obtaining the history is the most important aspect of making a diagnosis of dyspepsia. It provides insight into the cause, precipitating factors and associated comorbid conditions.
Past medical history
- A history of epigastric pain, dyspepsia, or prior peptic ulcer may suggest the diagnosis of dyspepsia.[1][2][3]
Medication history
- Prior use of aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is important because these patients have an increased risk of gastric ulcer and a fourfold risk of significant GI bleeding compared with other patients[4]
Social history
- Helicobacter pylori infection is more common in low socioeconomic status and increased number of siblings[5]
- Alcoholics also frequently have peptic ulcers or gastritis[6][4]
- Cigarette smokers have a significantly higher rate of the recurrent duodenal ulcer as compared with nonsmokers [7][8]
Family history
- Family history of dyspepsia increases the risk of peptic ulcer
- History of dyspepsia in mother increases the risk of dyspepsia in children
Symptoms
- The majority of patients with the dyspepsia are symptomatic but some people do not show any symptoms (silent ulcer).
- The hallmark of dyspepsia:
Common symptoms
Common symptoms of dyspepsia include:
- Episodic epigastric pain
- Heartburn
- Bloating
- Nausea and vomiting
- Waterbrash
- Indigestion
- Hematemesis
- Melena
- Loss of appetite
Less common symptoms
Less common symptoms of dyspepsia include:
- Intolerance to fatty food
References
- ↑ Laine, Loren; Solomon, Caren G. (2016). "Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Due to a Peptic Ulcer". New England Journal of Medicine. 374 (24): 2367–2376. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1514257. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Ramakrishnan K, Salinas RC (2007). "Peptic ulcer disease". Am Fam Physician. 76 (7): 1005–12. PMID 17956071.
- ↑ Drini M (2017). "Peptic ulcer disease and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs". Aust Prescr. 40 (3): 91–93. doi:10.18773/austprescr.2017.037. PMC 5478398. PMID 28798512.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Goulston K, Cooke AR (1968). "Alcohol, aspirin, and gastrointestinal bleeding". Br Med J. 4 (5632): 664–5. PMC 1912769. PMID 5303551.
- ↑ Bruce MG, Maaroos HI (2008). "Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection". Helicobacter. 13 Suppl 1: 1–6. doi:10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00631.x. PMID 18783514.
- ↑ MacMath TL (1990). "Alcohol and gastrointestinal bleeding". Emerg. Med. Clin. North Am. 8 (4): 859–72. PMID 2226291.
- ↑ Jafar W, Jafar A, Sharma A (2016). "Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage: an update". Frontline Gastroenterol. 7 (1): 32–40. doi:10.1136/flgastro-2014-100492. PMC 5369541. PMID 28839832. Vancouver style error: initials (help)
- ↑ Palmer K (2007). "Acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage". Br. Med. Bull. 83: 307–24. doi:10.1093/bmb/ldm023. PMID 17942452.