Odynophagia classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sunny Kumar MD [2]

Overview

There is no established system for the classification of odynophagia. However we can classify them according to causes to approach the cases of odynophagia.

Classification

There is no established system for the classification of odynophagia. However we can classify them according to causes to approach the area of involvement..

Odynophagia may be classified according to causes into two groups:

Disorders of esophagus:

Mechanical causes:

• • Achalasia cardia
  • Esophageal cancer
  • Myasthenia gravis
  • Botulism
  •  Goiter
  • Diabetic neuropathy,
  • Hyperthyroidism,
  • Hypothyroidism,
  • Riedel thyroiditis
  •  Barrett's oesophagus,
  • Diverticulum,
  • Esophageal achalasia,
  • Esophageal atresia,
  • Esophageal spasm,
  • Esophageal stricture
  • Fibrosis
  • Intramural pseudodiverticulosis,
  • Peptic stenosis,
  • Schatzki ring,
  • Myoneurogastrointestinal encephalopathy syndrome
  • Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS),
  • Brainstem stroke
  • Bulbar palsy
  • Central vagal nucleus lesion,
  • Cerebrovascular accident,
  • Guillain-Barre syndrome,
  • Huntington's chorea,
  • Multiple Sclerosis,
  • Neuroferritinopathy,
  • Peripheral neuropathy,
  • Polyradiculitis,
  • Syringobulbia,
  • Vagal disorder,
  • Diabetic neuropathy,
  • Poliomyelitis
  • Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
  • Bronchial carcinoma,
  • Carcinoma of the vocal tract,
  • Carotid body tumor,
  • Esophageal cancer,
  • Gastric tumors,
  • Laryngeal cancer,
  • Leiomyoma
  • Bronchial carcinoma
  • Esophageal trauma
  • Aspiration of foreign body

Inflammatory causes:

• • Chemical burns
  • ibandronate
  • Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
  •  Esophagitis,
  • Gastritis
  • Gastroesophageal reflux
  • Crohn's disease
  • Eosinophilic esophagitis
  • Radiation esophagitis
  • Abscesses
  • Candidiasis
  • Chagas Disease
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Esophageal moniliasis
  • HIV/AIDS,
  • Reflux esophagitis
  • Typhoid fever
  • Allergic swelling,
  • Behcet's Syndrome,
  • CREST syndrome
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Esophageal sarcoidosis
  • Inclusion body myositis,
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Xerostomia
  • Alcoholism

Disorders of pharynx

Mechanical causes:

• Zenkers diverticulum
• Cricopharyngeal spasm,
• Oral submucous fibrosis
• Palatoplegia
• Palate cancer
• Supraglottic laryngeal cancer
• Xerostomia
• Agranulocytosis
• Lymphadenopathy
• Elongated styloid process
• Extreme spinal curvature
• Global hystericus
• Schatzki ring,