Eosinophilic pneumonia causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammed Abdelwahed M.D[2]
Overview
Causes
Transpulmonary passage of helminth larvae (Löffler syndrome)
- Three types of helminths, Ascaris (A. lumbricoides, A. suum), hookworms (Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus), and Strongyloides stercoralis, have larvae that reach the lungs, penetrate into alveoli, and ascend the airways then reach the gastrointestinal tract. [10]
- Ascaris is the most common cause of Löffler syndrome worldwide. 11
Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia
- Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia is immune response to the bloodborne microfilarial stages of the lymphatic filariae and Wuchereria bancrofti. 16-18].
- The typical symptoms are cough, breathlessness, wheezing, fatigue, and fever. Pulmonary function tests may show a mixed restrictive and obstructive abnormality with a reduction in diffusion capacity [18].
EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS
- Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss) is a vasculitic disorder often characterized by sinusitis, asthma, and prominent peripheral blood eosinophilia [49].
- It is the sole form of vasculitis that is associated with both eosinophilia and frequent lung involvement. In addition to the lungs, the skin and the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, renal, and neurologic systems may also be involved.
ALLERGIC BRONCHOPULMONARY ASPERGILLOSIS
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a complex hypersensitivity reaction that occurs when airways become colonized by Aspergillus [51].
- Repeated episodes of bronchial obstruction, inflammation, and mucoid impaction can lead to bronchiectasis, fibrosis, and respiratory compromise.
- Immunologic responses elicited by Aspergillus fumigatus are responsible for this syndrome.