Pulmonary edema classification
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Amenorrhea can be classified on the basis of etiology into three subtypes, including primary amenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, and functional amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea can also be classified on the basis of HPG (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal) axis function into hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, and eugonadotropic state. Secondary amenorrhea reflects an absence of menstrual cycle for at least 3 months in a woman with normal menstruation cycles in the past. Secondary amenorrhea can be classified based on pathology into polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction, hypothalamic-pituitary failure, and ovarian failure. Functional (hypothalamic) amenorrhea is a subtype of the amenorrhea seen in patients with erratic lifestyle and can be classified on the basis of etiology into stress, weight loss, and exercise related amenorrhea.
Classification
- Pulmonary edema may be classified according to etiology into 2 groups:
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
- Cardiogenic pulmonary edema may be classified into:[1]
- LV failure
- Dysrhythmia
- LV hypertrophy cardiomyopathy
- Volume Overload
- Myocardial Infarction
- LV outflow obstruction
- Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema may be classified into 3 subtypes based on etiology:[2]
- Direct injury to lung
- Chest trauma,pulmonary contusion
- Aspiration
- Smoke inhalation
- Pneumonia
- Oxygen toxicity
- Pulmonary embolism,reperfusion
- Hematogenous injury to lung
- Sepsis
- Pancreatitis
- Nonthoracic trauma
- Multiple transfusions
- Intravenous drug use. e.g. heroin
- Cardiopulmonary bypass
- Lung injury plus elevated hydrostatic pressure
- High altitude pulmonary edema
- Neurogenic pulmonary edema
- Reexpansion pulmonary edema
- Direct injury to lung
| Pulmonary edema | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cardiogenic | Non-cardiogenic | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| LV failure | Dysrhythmia | LV hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy | Volume Overload | Myocardial Infarction | LV outflow obstruction | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Direct injury to lung | Hematogenous injury to lung | Lung injury plus elevated hydrostatic pressure | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chest trauma,pulmonary contusion | Aspiration | Smoke inhalation | Pneumonia | Oxygen toxicity | Pulmonary embolism,reperfusion | High altitude pulmonary edema | Neurogenic pulmonary edema | Reexpansion pulmonary edema | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sepsis | Pancreatitis | Nonthoracic trauma | Multiple transfusions | Intravenous drug use. e.g. heroin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Attias D, Mansencal N, Auvert B, Vieillard-Baron A, Delos A, Lacombe P, N'Guetta R, Jardin F, Dubourg O (2010). "Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients presenting with cardiogenic unilateral pulmonary edema". Circulation. 122 (11): 1109–15. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.934950. PMID 20805429.
- ↑ Calenoff L, Kruglik GD, Woodruff A (1978). "Unilateral pulmonary edema". Radiology. 126 (1): 19–24. doi:10.1148/126.1.19. PMID 619405.