Osteoarthritis epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Epidemiology and Demographics
The available data about the incidence and prevalence of osteoarthritis are different. For example, OA mostly assessed by radiography which there should be a marked damage to be detectable in radiography.
Near 6% of adults with the age of 30 years suffer from repeated knee pain and in their radiographic evaluation reveal osteoarthritis. As previously mentioned in risk factors for OA are: age, female sex, and nutritional deficiencies, occupational involvements, trauma, genetic, and race. OA can involve any joint in human body, but it commonly involves knee, hip, hand, spine, and foot. It was predicted that more than 26 million people in the USA have OA. The OA in hand, hip, and knee have positive correlations with age and as mentioned before OA is more common women than men, particularly after age of 50 ( due to the menopause and hormonal changes).
Hand OA
Incidence rate of OA reported by the Fallon Community Health Plan in Massachusetts (U.S.A) was frequency of knee OA, hand OA, and hip OA were 240/100 000 person-years, 100/100 000 person-years, and 88/100 000 person-years, respectively (Figure1).
The prevalence of hand OA is in the range of 27% 80%. 75% of women with the age of 60 - 70 years had distal interphalangeal (DIP) OA. The US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) reported the prevalence of hand OA in 8% of population. In a cohort study the prevalence of symptomatic OA was twice higher in women than men (26.2%vs 13.2%, respective). Meanwhile, another study in conducted in Iran showed reported the prevalence of hand OA among patients with the age of 40-50 years and >70 years 2.2%, and 22.5%, respectively.