Minimal change disease history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
The hallmark of minimal change disease in children is acute-onset proteinuria that progresses into nephrotic syndrome. Fatigue and subsequent edema develops with symptoms of periorbital edema and weight gain. Children are less likely to present with other clinical features, such as hypertension, renal failure, or hematuria. In contrast, adults are more likely to present with hypertension in approximately 40% of cases, and hematuria in approximately 30% of cases. A reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at presentation is also not uncommon. Finally, upper respiratory tract infection, such as pneumonia in an otherwise healthy individual, may be the first sign of nephrotic syndrome in minimal change disease.
History and Symptoms
The hallmark of minimal change disease is proteinuria.[1]
History
Patients with minimal change disease may have a positive history of:
- Upper respiratory tract infection.
- Infections such as
- sepsis
- Pneumonia
- Peritonitis
- Diarrhea
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of minimal change disease include:[2]
- Fatigue
- Edema: periorbital edema, weight gain[3]
- Hypertension
- Hematuria[3][4]
- Symptoms of infections, such as pneumonia[3]
- Irritability
- Headache
Less Common Symptoms
Less common symptoms of minimal change disease include
- Thromboembolism
- Cardiovascular disease
- Thyroid dysfunction
- Hypocalcemia
- Hypovitaminosis D[4]
References
- ↑ Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F (February 2017). "Minimal Change Disease". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 12 (2): 332–345. doi:10.2215/CJN.05000516. PMC 5293332. PMID 27940460.
- ↑ Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B, Emma F (February 2017). "Minimal Change Disease". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 12 (2): 332–345. doi:10.2215/CJN.05000516. PMC 5293332. PMID 27940460.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Waldman M, Crew RJ, Valeri A, Busch J, Stokes B, Markowitz G; et al. (2007). "Adult minimal-change disease: clinical characteristics, treatment, and outcomes". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2 (3): 445–53. doi:10.2215/CJN.03531006. PMID 17699450.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Saha TC, Singh H (2006). "Minimal change disease: a review". South Med J. 99 (11): 1264–70. PMID 17195422.