Hyponatremia history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]

History and Symptoms

History

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To see the different causes of hyponatremia, click here.

Common Symptoms

The clinical signs and symptoms of hyponatremia are related to the degree of brain compensation to hypoosmolarity.Development of cerebral edema, increased intracerebral pressure and cerebral hypoxia are responsible for hyponatremia presentation. Also see the complications of hyponatremia.

• Asymptomatic
• Acute neurologic changes: seizures, altered mental status, coma , focal neurologic signs

• Moderate symptoms
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• Severe
  • Vomiting
  • Cardio-respiratory distress
  • Abnormal and deep somnolence
  • Seizures
  • Coma (Glasgow Coma Scale 8)
  • Delirium
  • Impaired consciousness

• Mild chronic hyponatremia (plasma sodium 125–135 mEq/L) may cause subtle neurocognitive deficits that can be detected by careful testing ,these deficits improve when the plasma sodium is normalized.

Less Common Symptoms

• Cardiorespiratory arrest

• Death
• Coma
• Brain damage/ brain edema
• Epileptic seizures
• Osmotic demyelinating syndrome