Fibromuscular dysplasia historical perspective
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Historical Perspective
Discovery
- Fibromuscular dysplasia was first introduced by Leadbetter and Burkland in 1938 in a 5-year-old boy with severe hypertension in a unilateral intra-arterial mass. this American-African boy underwent a unilateral nephrectomy and his hypertension was remedied.
- Although the first histopathological description of this condition performed by McCormack and coworkers by the report of four cases of “fibromuscular hyperplasia” in 1958.
- The first conception of these occlusive masses was described as hyperplasia and it lasted about 13 years until the exact pathologic classification of fibromuscular dysplasia was proposed in 1971 by Harrison and McCormack.
- FMD with involvement of extrarenal arteries was first recognized angiographically in 1964 by Palubinskas and Ripley as a nonatherosclerotic stenosis of internal carotid artery. Also, extrarenal FMD has been noted in external carotid arteries and its branches and in vertebral arteries.
- In 1965, Hill and Antonius were the first to report FMD in coronary arteries.
- In 2012, after several months of the release of the French Registry for FMD and European Consensus on the diagnosis and management of FMD, the United States Registry for Fibromuscular Dysplasia (US Registry) reported data from the first 447 patients were enrolled.
- During past decades and especially in recent years, these efforts and publications have dispelled some aspects of FMD enigma.these are significant efforts to improve our clarification of nonatherosclerotic causes vascular accidents. Nevertheless, FMD remains a medical myth specifically at the genetic and molecular levels. It is hoped that the new researches and studies provide more effective and evidence-based information for diagnosis and treatment of FMD.