Hyponatremia history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saeedeh Kowsarnia M.D.[2]

Overview

Symptoms associated with hyponatremia are caused mostly by impairment of brain function. There is a spectrum of signs from no detectable presentation to death. To evaluate the causes of hyponatremia, careful history has to be taken. Drug history and past medical history can lead to the most common causes of hyponatremia.

History and Symptoms

  • Drug history
  • Diet history
  • History of volume loss: Diarrhea, vomiting
  • History of decreased urine output
  • Chronic illnesses: CHF, RF
  • History of endocrine disorders
  • History of malignancy
  • History of infectious diseases
  • History of psychiatric illnesses
  • History of diagnostic procedures or operations
  • History of blood disorders
  • History of CNS disorders
  • History of pulmonary diseases
  • History of genetic diseases: Hyperlipidemia, nephrogenic SIAD, RTA
  • History of diabetes
  • History of GI disorders


To see the different causes of hyponatremia, click here.

Common Symptoms

The clinical signs and symptoms of hyponatremia are related to the degree of brain compensation to hypoosmolarity. Development of cerebral edema, increased intracerebral pressure and cerebral hypoxia are responsible for hyponatremia presentation. Also see the complications of hyponatremia.


  • Mild chronic hyponatremia (plasma sodium 125–135 mEq/L) may cause subtle neurocognitive deficits that can be detected by careful testing ,these deficits improve when the plasma sodium is normalized.[1]

Less Common Symptoms

References

  1. F. C. Bartter & W. B. Schwartz (1967). "The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone". The American journal of medicine. 42 (5): 790–806. PMID 5337379. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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