Lead poisoning causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aksiniya K. Stevasarova, MD
Overview
Common causes of lead poisoning include ingestion, inhalation and skin exposure to lead and lead particles.
Causes
Life-threatening Causes
- Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
- Life-threatening causes of lead poisoning include ingestion of lead base paint by small children, eventually leading to seizures, unconsciousness, coma and even death.
Common Causes
Lead poisoning may be caused by:
- Occupational hazards
- In adults, occupational exposure is the main cause of lead poisoning.People can be exposed when working in facilities that produce a variety of lead-containing products; these include radiation shields, ammunition, certain surgical equipment, developing dental x-ray films prior to digital x-rays, fetal monitors, plumbing, circuit boards, jet engines, and ceramic glazes, lead miners and smelters, plumbers and fitters, auto mechanics, glass manufacturers, construction workers, battery manufacturers and recyclers, firing range instructors, and plastic manufacturers are at risk for lead exposure.[1] [2] [2] [3]
- Ingestion of lead contaminated soil
- leaded gasoline)
- Ingestion of lead dust or chips from deteriorating lead-based paints.
- Lead has also been found in drinking water. It can come from plumbing and fixtures that are either made of lead or have trace amounts of lead in them.[4] [5][6]
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of lead poisoning include exposure to metallic lead via:
Genetic Causes
- Lead poisoning is not caused by a mutation in any gene.
- On the other hand so far three polymorphic genes have been identified to be able to potentially influence the bioaccumulation and toxicokinetics of lead in humans. These genes are delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) gene, the hemochromatosis gene and the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Their relation to susceptibility especially to lead nephrotoxicity in high lead-exposed workers has been established. [7] [8]
- Delta -aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) plays an important role in lead poisoning, and polymorphisms in the ALAD gene might affect the symptoms the individual patients experience. [9]
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
| Chemical/Poisoning | No underlying causes |
| Dental | No underlying causes |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | No underlying causes |
| Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | No underlying causes |
| Iatrogenic | No underlying causes |
| Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
| Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | No underlying causes |
| Nutritional/Metabolic | No underlying causes |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
| Oncologic | No underlying causes |
| Ophthalmologic | No underlying causes |
| Overdose/Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | No underlying causes |
| Renal/Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
| Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy | No underlying causes |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | No underlying causes |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Miscellaneous | No underlying causes |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order.
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3References
- ↑ Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedSanborn - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Dart, Hurlbut, Boyer-Hassen (2004) p. 1424
- ↑ "Occupational health and safety – chemical exposure". www.sbu.se. Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU). 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2017-06-07.
- ↑ "Lead in drinking water". Retrieved 2007-08-14.
- ↑ "Alum Wins Investigative Reporting Award with Post Team" (html). University of Maryland. February 25, 2005. Retrieved 2007-11-07.
- ↑ "HONORS", The Washington Post, February 23, 2005
- ↑ Wang A, Wang Q, Song Q, Xu J (2009). "[Study of ALAD and VDR gene polymorphisms associated with lead nephrotoxicity susceptibility]". Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 38 (3): 326–9. PMID 19548578.
- ↑ Wu S, Yan C, Shen X (2004). "[Molecular genetic susceptibility to lead poisoning]". Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 33 (2): 226–8, 232. PMID 15209014.
- ↑ Shaik AP, Jamil K (2008). "A study on the ALAD gene polymorphisms associated with lead exposure". Toxicol Ind Health. 24 (7): 501–6. doi:10.1177/0748233708095770. PMID 19028776.