Urethral cancer pathophysiology
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vindhya BellamKonda, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
The pathophysiology of urethral cancer depends on the histological subtypes.
Microscopic Pathology
- The female urethra is lined by transitional cell mucosa proximally and stratified squamous cells distally.
- Therefore, transitional cell carcinoma is most common in the proximal urethra
- Squamous cell carcinoma predominates in the distal urethra.
- Adenocarcinoma may occur in both locations and arises from metaplasia of the numerous periurethral glands.
- The male urethra is lined by transitional cells in its prostatic and membranous portion and stratified columnar epithelium to stratified squamous epithelium in the bulbous and penile portions.
- The submucosa of the urethra contains numerous glands.
- Therefore, urethral cancer in the male can manifest the histological characteristics of transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma.
- Except for the prostatic urethra, where transitional cell carcinoma is most common, squamous cell carcinoma is the predominant histology of urethral neoplasms.
- Transitional cell carcinoma of the prostatic urethra may be associated with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder and/or transitional cell carcinoma arising in prostatic ducts.
References
- ↑ Cantiello F, Cicione A, Salonia A, Autorino R, Tucci L, Madeo I, Damiano R (May 2013). "Periurethral fibrosis secondary to prostatic inflammation causing lower urinary tract symptoms: a prospective cohort study". Urology. 81 (5): 1018–23. doi:10.1016/j.urology.2013.01.053. PMID 23608423.