Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis medical therapy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3] Jogeet Singh Sekhon, M.D. [4] Syed Ahsan Hussain, M.D.[5]
Overview
The optimal therapy for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis depends on underlying etiology. In infectious and haematological etiology treating the underlying infection will result in resolution of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.For autoimmune etiology immunosuppressive agents are given.The treatment also includes antihypertensive therapy, anticoagulation therapy and anti-lipid therapy for nephrotic syndrome.
Medical Therapy
- Pharmacologic therapy is recommended for patients of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.[1]>[2][3][4]
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- The treatment depends on the cause of the disease.
- Patients with autoimmuneetiology are treated with immunosuppressive therapy
- Patients with infectious etiology are treated with antivirals or antibiotics depending on the cause.
- Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are treated with antivirals.
- Leukemias and lymphomas treated with chemotherapy.
- Other pharmacologic medical therapies for membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis include antihypertensive therapy, anticoagulation therapy and anti-lipid therapy.
1. Patients with autoimmune etiology
- 1.1 Immunosuppressive therapy:
- Preferred regimen (1): Prednisone 0.5 mg/kg per day with cyclophosphamide IV for 3-5 months
- Preferred regimen (2): Methylprednisolone 0.4 mg/kg per day given with cyclophosphamide 2.0 to 2.5 mg/kg per day given IV for 2, 4, and 6 months
- Preferred regimen (3): Tacrolimus 0.05 mg/kg per day for PO for 12 months with a six-month taper
- Preferred regimen (4): Rituximab 3.5g/day IV for 6-12 months
- 2. Treatment for nephrotic sydnrome:
- 2.1 Antihypertensive therapy
- Preferred regimen (1) Losartan PO for 50 mg q daily (100mg per day)
- 2.2 Anticoalgulation tharapy
- Low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin, followed by PO warfarin.
- 2.3 Anti-lipid therapy
- 2.3.1 Life-style modification
- Decrease salt intake
- Weight loss
- 2.3.2 Statins
- Preferred regimen (1): Atorvastatin PO 10mg q daily
- 2.3.1 Life-style modification
- 2.1 Antihypertensive therapy
- 1.1 Immunosuppressive therapy:
References
- ↑ Bomback AS, Fervenza FC (2018). "Membranous Nephropathy: Approaches to Treatment". Am J Nephrol. 47 Suppl 1: 30–42. doi:10.1159/000481635. PMID 29852477.
- ↑ Waldman M, Austin HA (2012). "Treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy". J Am Soc Nephrol. 23 (10): 1617–30. doi:10.1681/ASN.2012010058. PMC 3458460. PMID 22859855.
- ↑ Wasserstein AG (April 1997). "Membranous glomerulonephritis". J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 8 (4): 664–74. PMID 10495797.
- ↑ Ozsoy RC, Koopman MG, Kastelein JJ, Arisz L (April 2005). "The acute effect of atorvastatin on proteinuria in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis". Clin. Nephrol. 63 (4): 245–9. PMID 15847250.