Guillain-Barré syndrome medical therapy
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]
Overview
With prompt treatment of plasmapheresis followed by immunoglobulins and supportive care, the majority of patients will regain full functional capacity. However, death may occur if severe pulmonary complications and dysautonomia are present.
Medical Therapy
- Treatment for Guillan Barre syndrome can be divided into two groups:
- Supportive therapy:
- Respiratory assistance: We measure maximal expiratory vital capacity and if vital capacity falls under 15 ml/kg, we start mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation.
- Heart rate and blood pressure monitoring.
- Prevention of thromboembolic complications by heparin.
- Reduce respiratory infections by minimal sedation in intensive care units.
- Pain control by analgesics.
- Prevention of contracture by early passive movement.
- Immunomodulating therapy
- Plasma exchange: It is proved in so many studies that plasma exchange is an effective treatment option and can reduce recovery time.[1][2]
- High dose immunoglobulin: IVIG is as effective as plasma exchange for treatment of GBS. Combination therapy with these two will not result in a netter outcome.[3][4]
- Corticosteroids:
- In some animal models it was demonstrated that corticosteroids reduce allergic neuritis.[5]
- In another study it was demonstrated that treatment with corticosteroids alone is not effective.[6]
- In a randomized study it was demonstrated that the combination of IVIG and corticosteroid will not result in any advantage.[7]
- Supportive therapy:
References
- ↑ "Efficiency of plasma exchange in Guillain-Barré syndrome: role of replacement fluids. French Cooperative Group on Plasma Exchange in Guillain-Barré syndrome". Ann. Neurol. 22 (6): 753–61. December 1987. doi:10.1002/ana.410220612. PMID 2893583.
- ↑ "Plasma exchange in Guillain-Barré syndrome: one-year follow-up. French Cooperative Group on Plasma Exchange in Guillain-Barré Syndrome". Ann. Neurol. 32 (1): 94–7. July 1992. doi:10.1002/ana.410320115. PMID 1642477.
- ↑ van der Meché FG, Schmitz PI (April 1992). "A randomized trial comparing intravenous immune globulin and plasma exchange in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Dutch Guillain-Barré Study Group". N. Engl. J. Med. 326 (17): 1123–9. doi:10.1056/NEJM199204233261705. PMID 1552913.
- ↑ Dalakas MC (December 2002). "Mechanisms of action of IVIg and therapeutic considerations in the treatment of acute and chronic demyelinating neuropathies". Neurology. 59 (12 Suppl 6): S13–21. PMID 12499466.
- ↑ Heininger K, Schäfer B, Hartung HP, Fierz W, Linington C, Toyka KV (April 1988). "The role of macrophages in experimental autoimmune neuritis induced by a P2-specific T-cell line". Ann. Neurol. 23 (4): 326–31. doi:10.1002/ana.410230403. PMID 3260088.
- ↑ Hughes RA, Swan AV, van Doorn PA (July 2012). "Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barré syndrome". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (7): CD002063. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002063.pub5. PMID 22786476.
- ↑ van Koningsveld R, Schmitz PI, Meché FG, Visser LH, Meulstee J, van Doorn PA (January 2004). "Effect of methylprednisolone when added to standard treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barré syndrome: randomised trial". Lancet. 363 (9404): 192–6. PMID 14738791.