Cardiomyopathy natural history, complications and prognosis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Cardiomyopathy will continue to progressively worsen, unless intervened on. As the function of the heart deteriorates, symptoms of heart failure become apparent. On the other hand, defects in ion channels and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can present with fatal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death without the preceding symptoms of heart failure. In general, complications and sequelae of cardiomyopathy include heart failure, arrythmia, thromboembolic disease, and sudden cardiac death. Prognosis of patients depends on the etiology of the cardiomyopathy and the initiation of management, whether medical, surgical or device therapy. Patients with cardiomyopathy are usually treated with medical treatment similar to heart failure patients, although some patients do not respond well to medications and continue to have worsening heart function, which may require heart transplant eventually. Those patients at high risk for fatal arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death should receive device therapy with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
Natural History[edit | edit source]
- The natural history of disease details how the disease progresses without treatment.
- Here are a few template sentences you can use: "The symptoms of (disease name) usually develop in the first/ second/ third decade of life, and start with symptoms such as ___. The symptoms of (disease name) typically develop ___ years after exposure to ___. Without treatment, the patient will develop symptoms of ___, which will/ may eventually lead to ___.
Complications[edit | edit source]
- Using lists can be helpful for describing this section.
- You can use these template sentences;
- "Complications that can develop as a result of (disease name) are ___ (describe in list form)".
- "Complications that can develop as a result of the treatment of (disease name) are ___ (describe in list form).
- Next to each complication, provide a brief one sentence description detailing the complication.
- For an example of the complications section in a natural history, complications and prognosis page, click here.
Prognosis[edit | edit source]
- This section should detail the prognosis of the disease, both treated and untreated.
- Here are some template sentences; "The prognosis of (disease name) is poor/good with treatment. Without treatment, (disease name) will result in ___. (Disease name) is associated with a 1/5/10 year mortality of __ among patient with ______ (for example high grade lesions). The presence of ___ is associated with a particularly poor prognosis among patients with (disease name).
- For an example of a prognosis section within a natural history, complications and prognosis page, click here.
Complications
Cardiomyopathy gets worse unless treated. The most likely complications are;
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Brain: Infarct: Healing large MCA and PICA probably embolic 64 year old female chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cardiomyopathy with atrial fibrillation
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Kidney: Infarct Remote: Gross external view with capsule removed two old and very typical infarct scars 27yobf with dilated cardiomyopathy
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Excessive pedal edema due to right heart failure in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (due to functional aortic stenosis from narrow outflow tract)
References
Template:Sisakian H. Cardiomyopathies: Evolution of pathogenesis concepts and potential for new therapies. World J Cardiol. 2014;6(6):478-94Template:WH Template:WS Template:Al-Khatib SM, Fonarow GC, Joglar JA, et al. Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators in Patients With Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2(6):685-688.