Tuberculous pericarditis physical examination
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D. Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.
Overview
Physical Examination
Appearance of the Patient
Vital Signs
- Fever
- Tachycardia
- Pulsus paradoxus
- Hypotension (in cardiac tamponade)
- Tachypnea
Skin
- Skin examination of patients with tuberculous pericarditis is usually normal.
HEENT
- HEENT examination of patients with tuberculous pericarditis is usually normal.
Neck
Lungs
- Pleura dullness
- Decreased breath sounds
- Pericardial knock
- Pericardial rub
- Fine/coarse crackles upon auscultation of the lung
Heart
- distant heart sounds
- Displaced point of maximal impulse (PMI) suggestive of cardiomegaly
- Friction rub
- S4
- Gallops
- A high/low grade early/late systolic murmur / diastolic murmur best heard at the base/apex/(specific valve region) may be heard using the bell/diaphgram of the stethoscope
Abdomen
- Hepatomegaly
- Ascites
Back
- Back examination of patients with tuberculous pericarditis is usually normal.
Genitourinary
- Genitourinary examination of patients with tuberculous pericarditis is usually normal.
Neuromuscular
- Neuromuscular examination of patients with tuberculous pericarditis is usually normal.
Extremities
- Pitting edema of the lower extremities
References
- ↑ Fowler NO, Manitsas GT (1973). "Infectious pericarditis". Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 16 (3): 323–36. doi:10.1016/s0033-0620(73)80004-0. PMID 4593515.
- ↑ Mayosi, Bongani M; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Ntsekhe, Mpiko; Volmink, Jimmy A; Gumedze, Freedom; Maartens, Gary; Aje, Akinyemi; Thomas, Baby M; Thomas, Kandathil M; Awotedu, Abolade A; Thembela, Bongani; Mntla, Phindile; Maritz, Frans; Blackett, Kathleen Ngu; Nkouonlack, Duquesne C; Burch, Vanessa C; Rebe, Kevin; Parish, Andy; Sliwa, Karen; Vezi, Brian Z; Alam, Nowshad; Brown, Basil G; Gould, Trevor; Visser, Tim; Shey, Muki S; Magula, Nombulelo P; Commerford, Patrick J (2006). "Clinical characteristics and initial management of patients with tuberculous pericarditis in the HIV era: the Investigation of the Management of Pericarditis in Africa (IMPI Africa) registry". BMC Infectious Diseases. 6 (1). doi:10.1186/1471-2334-6-2. ISSN 1471-2334.