Sudden infant death syndrome risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vamsikrishna Gunnam M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
OR
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of SIDS include maternal factors such as age of the mother, smoking history, and prenatal care history, environmental factors which include preterm birth, prone sleeping position, bed-sharing, and overheating.
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
Risk Factors
There are no established risk factors for [disease name].
OR
The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
OR
Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of SIDS may be seen more often in mothers who are younger, less educated, and nonwhite, and smoked during the pregnancy.
- Common risk factors in the development of Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) include:[1][2][3][4]
Maternal risk factors
- Maternal factors which include the following:
- Maternal age:
- Mother who are very young in age are more prone to have SIDS conditions
- Maternal smoking:
- Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of SIDS
- Placental abnormalities:
- Placental abnormalities which include placenta previa, abruptio placentae, premature rupture of membranes or small for gestational age increases the risk of SIDS
- Prenatal care:
- Mothers who did not attend prenatal care are at risk of SIDS
- Maternal age:
Infant risk factors
- Infant risk factors which include the following:
- Prematurity
- Low birth weight
- The risk of developing SIDS in low to very low weight infants is four times higher than normal birth weight infants[8]
- Gestational hypertension with smoking are associated very highly with low birth weight
- Sibling of SIDS
- Due to biologic and/or epidemiological influence the risk of developing SIDS in siblings of SIDS infants is increased to sixfold[9][10]
- But often deaths that are related to inborn errors of metabolism and child abuse are mistaken as SIDS
- Twins
- The risk of developing SIDS in twins is almost double than normal population
- The risk of developing SIDS in twins in according with gestational age ≥37 weeks as follows:
- Relative risk (RR) of SIDS is 1.31- Gestational age 37 to 38 weeks
- Relative risk (RR) of SIDS is 1.47- Gestational age 39 to 40 weeks
- Relative risk (RR) of SIDS is 2.09- Gestational age ≥41 weeks
- History of apnea of the infant
- Sleep position of the infant
- Sleep environment of the infant
References
- ↑ MacDorman MF, Cnattingius S, Hoffman HJ, Kramer MS, Haglund B (1997). "Sudden infant death syndrome and smoking in the United States and Sweden". Am J Epidemiol. 146 (3): 249–57. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009260. PMID 9247009.
- ↑ Carpenter RG, Irgens LM, Blair PS, England PD, Fleming P, Huber J; et al. (2004). "Sudden unexplained infant death in 20 regions in Europe: case control study". Lancet. 363 (9404): 185–91. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)15323-8. PMID 14738790.
- ↑ Malloy MH, Hoffman HJ, Peterson DR (1992). "Sudden infant death syndrome and maternal smoking". Am J Public Health. 82 (10): 1380–2. doi:10.2105/ajph.82.10.1380. PMC 1695879. PMID 1415865.
- ↑ Getahun D, Amre D, Rhoads GG, Demissie K (2004). "Maternal and obstetric risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome in the United States". Obstet Gynecol. 103 (4): 646–52. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000117081.50852.04. PMID 15051553.
- ↑ Ostfeld BM, Schwartz-Soicher O, Reichman NE, Teitler JO, Hegyi T (2017). "Prematurity and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths in the United States". Pediatrics. 140 (1). doi:10.1542/peds.2016-3334. PMID 28759397.
- ↑ Malloy MH, Hoffman HJ (1995). "Prematurity, sudden infant death syndrome, and age of death". Pediatrics. 96 (3 Pt 1): 464–71. PMID 7651779.
- ↑ Thompson JM, Mitchell EA, New Zealand Cot Death Study Group (2006). "Are the risk factors for SIDS different for preterm and term infants?". Arch Dis Child. 91 (2): 107–11. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.071167. PMC 2082673. PMID 15871984.
- ↑ Bigger HR, Silvestri JM, Shott S, Weese-Mayer DE (1998). "Influence of increased survival in very low birth weight, low birth weight, and normal birth weight infants on the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome in the United States: 1985-1991". J Pediatr. 133 (1): 73–8. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(98)70181-7. PMID 9672514.
- ↑ Guntheroth WG, Lohmann R, Spiers PS (1990). "Risk of sudden infant death syndrome in subsequent siblings". J Pediatr. 116 (4): 520–4. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(05)81596-3. PMID 2319397.
- ↑ Oyen N, Skjaerven R, Irgens LM (1996). "Population-based recurrence risk of sudden infant death syndrome compared with other infant and fetal deaths". Am J Epidemiol. 144 (3): 300–5. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a008925. PMID 8686699.