Choledocholithiasis
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Choledocholithiasis is also known as bile duct stones or gallstones in the bile duct. Choledocholithiasis is the presence of a gallstone in the common bile duct. The gallstone is formed in the gall bladder, a pear-shaped organ where bile is stored before being released and transported through the bile duct. The bile ducts are a tube that carries bile from the liver and liver to the intestine, the bile, a greenish-brown alkaline fluid help to break down fats into fatty acids in the intestine. The stone formed in the gallstone can block the bile duct while transporting bile to the intestine, and 18% coexist with cholelithiasis patients.
Historical Perspective
Classification
Choledocholithiasis can be classified as Primary or Secondary
- Primary Choledocholithiasis is classified based on gallstones formed directly within the biliary and obstructing the common bile duct. Primary Choledocholithiasis is composed of brownstones and is less common compared to secondary choledocholithiasis. Primary choledocholithiasis often affect the biliary tree diffusely and have both intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary stones. Intrahepatic stones may be complicated by recurrent pyogenic cholangitis.
- Secondary Choledocholithiasis is classified based on gallstones formed from the gall bladder and transported to block the common bile duct. This type of Choledocholithiasis is the most common type of Choledocholithiasis. The stone composition of secondary choledocholithiasis is similar to cholelithiasis with cholesterol stone as the most common type, and the cause is identical to the causes of gallstones. About 4.6% to 18.8% of patients undergoing cholecystectomy is found to have choledocholithiasis.
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Choledocholithiasis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Electrocardiogram | X Ray | CT | MRI | Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies