Amnesia classification

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Zehra Malik, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

Amnesia can be divided into two broad groups, retrograde amnesia and anterograde amnesia. Anterograde amnesia is the inability to form new memory and retrograde amnesia is the loss of memory prior to the onset of amnesia.

Classification

• Amnesia can be divided into two broad groups:
  • Anterograde amnesia: The inability to form new memory. Past memory is intact.
  • Retrograde amnesia: The loss of memory prior to the onset of amnesia. Patient can form new memories.
• Following are types of amnesia, these can features of anterograde, retrograde or both:
  • Dissociative Amnesia: Temporary, episodic retrograde memory loss. Cause is psychological in origin. Dissociative Amnesia is also referred to as psychological amnesia. It has variable presentation:
    • Repressed amnesia is seen in patients where they are unable to recall a stressful or traumatic incident from the past due to psychological defense mechanism.
    • Dissociative fugue has been observed in these patients where the identity and memory is lost. It is reversible and has variable time duration.
  • Infantile Amnesia: Also known as childhood amnesia. Early childhood memory is lost, usually up to the age of fours year. Influenced by cultural norms and sexual repression.
  • Drug-Induced Amnesia
  • Amnesia in Korsakoff’s Syndrome
  • Selective Amnesia
  • Epileptic Amnesia
  • Lacunar amnesia