Hearing impairment natural history, complications and prognosis
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Complications
Age-related hearing loss has been independently associated with
- Worse quality of life
- Social isolation
- Functional decline
- Fall risk
- Increased hospitalization
- Increase Health care use
- Accelerated Cognitive decline
- Dementia
Quantification of hearing loss
The severity of hearing loss is measured by the degree of loudness, as measured in decibels, a sound must attain before being detected by an individual. Hearing loss may be ranked as mild, moderate, severe or profound. It is quite common for someone to have more than one degree of hearing loss (i.e. mild sloping to severe). The following list shows the rankings and their corresponding decibel ranges:
- Mild:
- For adults: between 26 and 40 dB
- For children: between 15 and 40 dB
- Moderate: between 41 and 56 dB
- Moderately severe: between 56 and 70 dB
- Severe: between 71 and 90 dB
- Profound: 90 dB or greater
Prognosis
The prognosis for hearing recovery for idiopathic SSNHL is dependent on a number of factors including the severity of hearing loss, shape of the audiogram, age of onset, presence of vertigo, and presence of other risk factors.[1][2]
| MILD | MODERATE | SEVERE | DISABLING | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEARING LOSS | 26–40 dB HL | 41–60 dB HL | 61–80 dB HL | >80 dB HL |
| DESCRIPTION | Patient hears fine | Hear with some difficulty.
People Mumble. |
Difficulty in hearing. | Patients relies on reading lips.
The term deaf is often used by persons with profound hearing loss with >80 dB HL. |
| TREATMENT | Communication strategies | Communication strategies
Amplification |
Communication strategies
Hearing aids Cochlear implant |
Communication strategies
Hearing aids Cochlear implant Sign language Lip reading |
| RISK OF DEMENTIA[3] | 2 times increase risk | 3 times increase risk | 5 fold increase risk | - |
References
- ↑ Kuhn M, Heman-Ackah SE, Shaikh JA, Roehm PC (2011). "Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a review of diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis". Trends Amplif. 15 (3): 91–105. doi:10.1177/1084713811408349. PMC 4040829. PMID 21606048.
- ↑ Huafeng Y, Hongqin W, Wenna Z, Yuan L, Peng X (2019). "Clinical characteristics and prognosis of elderly patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss". Acta Otolaryngol. 139 (10): 866–869. doi:10.1080/00016489.2019.1641218. PMID 31452421.
- ↑ Lin FR, Metter EJ, O'Brien RJ, Resnick SM, Zonderman AB, Ferrucci L (2011). "Hearing loss and incident dementia". Arch Neurol. 68 (2): 214–20. doi:10.1001/archneurol.2010.362. PMC 3277836. PMID 21320988.