Ventricular tachycardia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in Chief: Avirup Guha, M.B.B.S.[2]
Overview
Ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of ventricular tachycardia. VT causes approximately half of the 300,000 sudden deaths which occur out of hospital annually in the US. Brugada syndrome is thought to be the cause of half of the sudden cardiac deaths which occurs in young individuals without structural heart disease.
Epidemiology
- The prevalence of ventricular arrhythmia is approximately 69000 per 100,000 men and 68000 per 100,0000 women with coronary artery disease worldwide.[1]
- The prevalence of ventricular tachycardia is approximately 54000in men and 55000 in women with [[hypertension][], valvular heart disease, or cardiomyopathy without coronary artery disease and 31000 in men and 30,000 in women with no cardiovascular disease.
- Ventricular tachycardia increase the incidence of new coronary event.
- Between 2005-2013, the incidence of vetricular arrhythmia associated cardiomyopathy was estimated to be 28800 cases per 100,000 individuals in Minnesota.[2]
Age
- Ideopathic Ventricular tachycardia is more commonly observed among elderly patients.
Gender
- Females are more commonly affected with ideopathic VT than men.[2]
Race
- There is no racial predilection for ventricular arrhythmia.
- Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) is an important cause of 150,000 to 300,000 out of hospital sudden deaths that occur annually in the US.[3]
- The most common cause of wide complex tachycardia (WCT) is ventricular tachycardia (VT), which accounts for 80% of all cases of WCT.[4]
- Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with aberrancy accounts for 15,000 to 20,000 in every 100,000 of WCTs.
- SVTs with bystander preexcitation and antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) account for 1000 to 6000 in every 100,000 of WCTs.[5]
- However, the underlying substrate varies: ischemic heart disease in 75,000-85,000 in every 100,000 cases; idiopathic cardiomyopathy in 1000-1500; and 1000-2000 in every 100,000 due to rare monogenic mutations in cardiac ion channels or associated proteins.[6]
- Brugada Syndrome may account for up to 50% of all SCDs in young individuals without structural heart disease. [6]
Demographics
Age
- VT is unusual in children but may occur in the postoperative cardiac setting or in patients with associated congenital heart disease.[7]
- Tachydysrhythmias in children is more commonly due to paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias (PSVTs).
- The incidence of ischemic VT increases with age.
- VT rates peak in the middle decades of life.
- Idiopathic VT can be observed at any age.
References
- ↑ Aronow, W. S.; Ahn, C.; Mercando, A. D.; Epstein, S.; Kronzon, I. (2002). "Prevalence and Association of Ventricular Tachycardia and Complex Ventricular Arrhythmias With New Coronary Events in Older Men and Women With and Without Cardiovascular Disease". The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 57 (3): M178–M180. doi:10.1093/gerona/57.3.M178. ISSN 1079-5006.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Sirichand, Surksha; Killu, Ammar M.; Padmanabhan, Deepak; Hodge, David O.; Chamberlain, Alanna M.; Brady, Peter A.; Kapa, Suraj; Noseworthy, Peter A.; Packer, Douglas L.; Munger, Thomas M.; Gersh, Bernard J.; McLeod, Christopher J.; Shen, Win-Kuang; Cha, Yong-Mei; Asirvatham, Samuel J.; Friedman, Paul A.; Mulpuru, Siva K. (2017). "Incidence of Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias". Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 10 (2). doi:10.1161/CIRCEP.116.004662. ISSN 1941-3149.
- ↑ Stevenson WG (2009). "Ventricular scars and ventricular tachycardia". Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 120: 403–12. PMC 2744510. PMID 19768192.
- ↑ Gupta AK, Thakur RK (2001). "Wide QRS complex tachycardias". Med Clin North Am. 85 (2): 245–66, ix–x. PMID 11233948.
- ↑ Issa Z, Miller JM, Zipes DP(2009). Approach to Wide QRS Complex Tachycardias. Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: A Companion to Braunwald's heart disease (1st ed., pp. 393). Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Zipes DP, Jalife J(2009). Cardiac electrophysiology: from cell to bedside (5th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.
- ↑ Garson A, Gillette PC, McNamara DG (June 1981). "Supraventricular tachycardia in children: clinical features, response to treatment, and long-term follow-up in 217 patients". J. Pediatr. 98 (6): 875–82. doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80578-1. PMID 7229788.