Personality disorder diagnostic study of choice

Personality disorder Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Personality disorder from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Personality Change Due to Another Medical Condition
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Interventions
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Personality disorder diagnostic study of choice On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Personality disorder diagnostic study of choice All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Personality disorder diagnostic study of choice
CDC onPersonality disorder diagnostic study of choice
Personality disorder diagnostic study of choice in the news
Blogs on Personality disorder diagnostic study of choice
Directions to Hospitals Treating Personality disorder
Risk calculators and risk factors for Personality disorder diagnostic study of choice

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayesha Anwar, M.B.B.S[2]

Overview

The diagnosis of personality disorder is intricate as most patients present with symptoms related to depression and anxiety, and many times, two or more personality disorders co-exist. Also, an overlap in certain personality characteristics among different personality disorders. Therefore, the diagnosis of a personality disorder requires a specific criterion after a complete evaluation of cognitive, behavioral, interpersonal, and social features in an individual. DSM-5 and ICD-10 criteria are usually employed for this purpose.

Diagnostic Criteria

• In DSM-5, the following criteria must be met:
  • A persistent and enduring pattern of behavior and traits that do not comply with one's culture involving  2 of the following: cognition (ways of perceiving and interpreting self, others, or events), affectivity (degree or range of a person's emotional response), interpersonal functioning and impulse control.
  • This maladaptive pattern causes significant distress and impaired responses in social, occupational, and other areas.
  • The onset is in early adolescence or early adulthood, and hence, the duration of symptoms is long.
  • The symptoms should be present for greater than one year if age is less than 18 years, and for antisocial PD, age should be greater than 18 years.
  • The symptomatology cannot be explained with any other psychological or neurological abnormality, and substance abuse disorders have been ruled out.
• In ICD-10, World Health Organization (WHO) lists the following criteria:
  • The deeply engrained and enduring pattern of behavioral tendencies in various aspects of personality, including affectivity, impulse control, arousal, perception and thinking, and style of relating to others, producing personal and social disruption.
  • The PDs may co-exist with other mental disorders; however, the behavior is continuous and not limited to episodes of mental illness.
  • The inflexible attitude started in adolescence or early adulthood and diagnosed later in life.
  • It is of long duration and follows a stable course.
  • The symptoms are responsible for considerable personal distress and significant social impairment.

At least 3 of these criteria must be met, and ICD-10 adds that 'for different cultures, it may be necessary to develop specific sets of criteria with regards to social norms, rules, and obligations.'