Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis epidemiology and demographics

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shameera Shaik Masthan MBBS, DLO, DNB [2]

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Overview

The incidence of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis reported to be 1 in 125,000-250,000 children aged 10 years or younger. The median age at onset is 3 to 7 yrs. It affects males and females in the ratio of 1.3 to 1. There is no racial predilection to the development of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Epidemiology

Average annual incidence is between 0.07 and 0.6 per 1,00,000 individuals per year^[1], ^[2], ^[3].
Population based studies revealed a slightly lower incidence in the US and UK compared to Asian countries. The incidence of pediatric ADEM varies between 0.47/100000 and 0.64/100000 in the Asian countries compared to 0.07/100000 and 0.30/100000 in Europe and San Diego.
The incidence seems to be increasing with the distance from the Equator.

Demographics

ADEM is more common during childhood with a median age on onset between 5-8 years with a male predominance (1.8:1)
The adult age of presentation ranges from 33 to 41 years without any gender predilection.
No specific ethnic distribution has been described.

References

↑ Xiong CH, Yan Y, Liao Z, Peng SH, Wen HR, Zhang YX; et al. (2014). "Epidemiological characteristics of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in Nanchang, China: a retrospective study". BMC Public Health. 14: 111. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-111. PMC 3922734. PMID 24495742.
↑ Torisu H, Kira R, Ishizaki Y, Sanefuji M, Yamaguchi Y, Yasumoto S; et al. (2010). "Clinical study of childhood acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, and acute transverse myelitis in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan". Brain Dev. 32 (6): 454–62. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2009.10.006. PMID 19942388.
↑ Pohl D, Hennemuth I, von Kries R, Hanefeld F (2007). "Paediatric multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in Germany: results of a nationwide survey". Eur J Pediatr. 166 (5): 405–12. doi:10.1007/s00431-006-0249-2. PMID 17219129.

[pmid24495742-1] Xiong CH, Yan Y, Liao Z, Peng SH, Wen HR, Zhang YX; et al. (2014). "Epidemiological characteristics of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in Nanchang, China: a retrospective study". BMC Public Health. 14: 111. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-14-111. PMC 3922734. PMID 24495742.

[pmid19942388-2] Torisu H, Kira R, Ishizaki Y, Sanefuji M, Yamaguchi Y, Yasumoto S; et al. (2010). "Clinical study of childhood acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, and acute transverse myelitis in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan". Brain Dev. 32 (6): 454–62. doi:10.1016/j.braindev.2009.10.006. PMID 19942388.

[pmid17219129-3] Pohl D, Hennemuth I, von Kries R, Hanefeld F (2007). "Paediatric multiple sclerosis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in Germany: results of a nationwide survey". Eur J Pediatr. 166 (5): 405–12. doi:10.1007/s00431-006-0249-2. PMID 17219129.

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