Non-Polio enterovirus infections differential diagnosis
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Overview
Differential diagnoses
Differential diagnoses for rhinovirus
| Disease | Clinical Findings | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza [1] | Cough, fever, sore throat, headache, myalgia, runny nose, congested eyes | Chest X-ray may show signs of concomitant bacterial pneumonia | Immunofluorescent direct and indirect antibody staining for detection of viral antigen, real-time PCR test, cell culture of upper or lower respiratory tract specimens | Frontal or retro-orbital headache, photophobia, ocular pain, shortness of breath, tachycardia, hypotension and need for ventilation in severe cases |
| Adenovirus infection [2] | Fever, pharyngitis, coryza, watery eyes | Cervical adenopathy, pharyngoconjunctivitis, tonsillitis | Viral culture, PCR. viral antigen assay, serology | Dyspnea, gross bloody urine |
| Bacterial pharyngitis, sinusitis[3] | Purulent nasal discharge, maxillary tooth or facial pain, worsening after initial improvement (fever, headache, increase in nasal discharge) | Unilateral maxillary sinus tenderness, pharyngeal erythema and swelling, tonsillar exudates, edematous uvula, palatine petechiae, anterior cervical lymphadenopathy | Nasal endoscopy or antral puncture and culture of secretions, Centor criteria | Ear pain/pressure/fullness, sore throat, halitosis, cough, fatigue, rheumatic fever, peritonsillar abscess, post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and scarlet fever |
| Allergic rhinitis | Sneezing, rhinorrhoea, watery eyes, postnasal drip, chronic nasal congestion and obstruction[4], triggers like pollen, animal dander, flooring/upholstery, molds, humidity, perfumes and/or tobacco smoke[5] | Mouth breathing, frequent sniffling/throat clearing, transverse supra-tip nasal crease and dark circles under the eyes. Swelling of the nasal mucosa and thin,clear secretions on anterior rhinoscopy[6] | Serum testing for allergen-specific IgE or allergy skin testing[7] | Bluish hue of inferior turbinates, cobblestoning of the nasal mucosa, nasal polyps, eustachian tube dysfunction, allergic dermatitis, aspirin sensitivity, tender sinuses[8] |
References
- ↑ "StatPearls". 2022. PMID 29083802.
- ↑ Lynch JP, Kajon AE (2016). "Adenovirus: Epidemiology, Global Spread of Novel Serotypes, and Advances in Treatment and Prevention". Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 37 (4): 586–602. doi:10.1055/s-0036-1584923. PMC 7171713 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 27486739. - ↑ Grief SN (2013). "Upper respiratory infections". Prim Care. 40 (3): 757–70. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2013.06.004. PMC 7127764 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 23958368. - ↑ Varshney J, Varshney H (2015). "Allergic Rhinitis: an Overview". Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 67 (2): 143–9. doi:10.1007/s12070-015-0828-5. PMC 4460099. PMID 26075169.
- ↑ Small P, Kim H (2011). "Allergic rhinitis". Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 7 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): S3. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-7-S1-S3. PMC 3245436. PMID 22166009.
- ↑ Small P, Kim H (2011). "Allergic rhinitis". Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 7 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): S3. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-7-S1-S3. PMC 3245436. PMID 22166009.
- ↑ Wheatley LM, Togias A (2015). "Clinical practice. Allergic rhinitis". N Engl J Med. 372 (5): 456–63. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1412282. PMC 4324099. PMID 25629743.
- ↑ Small P, Kim H (2011). "Allergic rhinitis". Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 7 Suppl 1 (Suppl 1): S3. doi:10.1186/1710-1492-7-S1-S3. PMC 3245436. PMID 22166009.