Factor IX
| Coagulation factor IX (plasma thromboplastic component, Christmas disease, hemophilia B) | |||||||||||
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 PDB rendering based on 1cfh. | |||||||||||
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| Symbols | F9 ; FIX; GLA domain; HEMB; MGC129641; MGC129642; PTC | ||||||||||
| External IDs | Template:OMIM5 Template:MGI HomoloGene: 106 | ||||||||||
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Editors-In-Chief: John Alexander, M.D. [1], Duke Clinical Research Institute; C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. Duke Clinical Research Institute [2]
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Factor IX (or Christmas factor) is one of the serine proteases (EC 3.4.21.22) of the coagulation system; it belongs to peptidase family S1. Deficiency of this protein causes hemophilia B. It was discovered after a young boy named Stephen Christmas was found to be lacking this exact factor, leading to hemophilia, in 1952.[1]
Physiology
Factor IX is inactive unless activated by factor XIa (of the contact pathway) or factor VIIa (of the tissue factor pathway). When activated into factor IXa, it acts by hydrolysing one arginine-isoleucine bond in factor X to form factor Xa. It requires calcium, membrane phospholipids, and factor VIII as cofactors to do so.
Genetics
The gene for factor IX is located on the X chromosome (Xq27.1-q27.2). It was first cloned in 1982 by Kotoku Kurachi and Earl Davie.[2]
Role in disease
Deficiency of factor IX causes Christmas disease (hemophilia B). Over 100 mutations of factor IX have been described; some cause no symptoms, but many lead to a significant bleeding disorder.
References
- ↑ Biggs RA, Douglas AS, MacFarlane RG, Dacie JV, Pittney WR, Merskey C, O'Brien JR. Christmas disease: a condition previously mistaken for haemophilia. Br Med J 1952;2:1378-1382. PMID 12997790.
- ↑ Kurachi K, Davie E (1982). "Isolation and characterization of a cDNA coding for human factor IX". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 79 (21): 6461–4. PMID 6959130.
Further reading
- Davie EW, Fujikawa K (1975). "Basic mechanisms in blood coagulation". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 44: 799–829. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.44.070175.004055. PMID 237463.
- Sommer SS (1992). "Assessing the underlying pattern of human germline mutations: lessons from the factor IX gene". FASEB J. 6 (10): 2767–74. PMID 1634040.
- Lenting PJ, van Mourik JA, Mertens K (1999). "The life cycle of coagulation factor VIII in view of its structure and function". Blood. 92 (11): 3983–96. PMID 9834200.
- Lowe GD (2002). "Factor IX and thrombosis". Br. J. Haematol. 115 (3): 507–13. PMID 11736930.
- O'Connell NM (2004). "Factor XI deficiency--from molecular genetics to clinical management". Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis. 14 Suppl 1: S59–64. PMID 14567539.
- Du X (2007). "Signaling and regulation of the platelet glycoprotein Ib-IX-V complex". Curr. Opin. Hematol. 14 (3): 262–9. doi:10.1097/MOH.0b013e3280dce51a. PMID 17414217.