Migraine
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| Migraine | |
| ICD-10 | G43 |
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| ICD-9 | 346 |
| OMIM | 157300 |
| DiseasesDB | 8207 |
| MeSH | D008881 |
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Migraine Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Migraine On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Migraine |
Editor-In-Chief: Robert G. Schwartz, M.D. [1], Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.
Overview
Classification
Pathophysiology
Triggers
Differentiating Migraine from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Criteria | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | CT | MRI | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Description
The word migraine is French in origin and comes from the Greek hemicrania, as does the Old English term megrim. Literally, hemicrania means "half (the) head".
Migraine is widespread in the population. The majority of migraine (as it is referred to commonly) is actually mixed Headache. In the U.S., 18% of women and 6% of men report having had at least one migraine episode in the previous year[1] Wrongdiagnosis.com reports that 10% of people have been diagnosed with migraine and 5% have migraine but have not been diagnosed,[2] with seriousness varying from a rare annoyance to a life-threatening and/or daily experience. Treatments are typically expensive. Periodic or unpredictable disability can cause impoverishment due to patients' inability to work enough or to hold a job at all.
Migraines' secondary characteristics are inconsistent. Triggers precipitating a particular episode of migraine vary widely. The efficacy of the simplest treatment, applying warmth or coolness to the affected area of the head, varies between persons, sometimes worsening the migraine.[3] A particular migraine rescue drug may sometimes work and sometimes not work in the same patient. Some migraine types don't have pain or may manifest symptoms in parts of the body other than the head.
Available evidence suggests that migraine pain is one symptom of several to many disorders of the serotonergic control system, a dual hormone-neurotransmitter with numerous types of receptors. Two disorders — classic migraine with aura (MA, STG) and common migraine without aura (MO, STG) — have been shown to have a genetic factor.[4] Studies on twins show that genes have a 60 to 65% influence on the development of migraine[5][6]. Additional migraine types are suspected and could be proven to be genetic. Migraine understood as several or many disorders could explain the inconsistencies, especially if a single patient has more than one genetic type.
However, still other migraine types might be functionally acquired due to hormone organ disease or injury. Three quarters of adult migraine patients are female, although pre-pubertal migraine affects approximately equal numbers of boys and girls. This reveals the strong correlation to hormonal cycling and hormonal-related causes or triggers. Hormonal migraine is a likely consequence of periodically falling hormone levels causing reduction in protein biosynthesis of metabolic components including intestinal tract serotonin.
References
- ↑ . Silberstein S. "Migraine". Lancet 2004;363:381-391
- ↑ wrongdiagnosis.com
- ↑ The Essential Book of Herbal Medicine (also known as Out of the Earth) by Simon Y. Mills, Viking Arkana, 1994(1991). Mills is former president of the UK licensed medical herbalists association. Mills' point is the traditional classification of migraines into "hot" and "cold" types, meaning that one's migraine type is determined by whether one's pain is reduced by hot/warm versus cold water.
- ↑ Ogilvie AD, Russell MB, Dhall P, et al. "Altered allelic distributions of the serotonin transporter gene in migraine without aura and migraine with aura." Cephalalgia. 1998 Jan;18(1):23-6. PMID 9601620
- ↑ Ulrich V, Gervil M, Kyvik KO, Olesen J, Russell MB (1999). "The inheritance of migraine with aura estimated by means of structural equation modelling". Journal of Medical Genetics. 36 (3): 225–7. PMC 1734315. PMID 10204850. Retrieved 2012-08-30. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Gervil M, Ulrich V, Kaprio J, Olesen J, Russell MB (1999). "The relative role of genetic and environmental factors in migraine without aura". Neurology. 53 (5): 995–9. PMID 10496258. Retrieved 2012-08-30. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)
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