Renal artery stenosis risk factors
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Risk factors
Traditional cardiovascular risk factors are the most important risk factors for the initiation and progression of atherosclerotic renal artery disease (ARAS). Risk factors of ARAS are listed as follows[1][2][3]
- Advanced age > 60 years
- Smoking
- Hypertension
- Dyslipidemia
- Diabetes mellitus
- Coronary artery disease
- Peripheral vascular disease
- Aortic and limb occlusive disease
- Aortic aneurysm
- Body mass index
- Serum creatinine concentration
References
- ↑ Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Finocchiaro P (2002). "Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: epidemiology, cardiovascular outcomes, and clinical prediction rules". J Am Soc Nephrol. 13 Suppl 3: S179–83. PMID 12466310.
- ↑ Harding MB, Smith LR, Himmelstein SI, Harrison K, Phillips HR, Schwab SJ; et al. (1992). "Renal artery stenosis: prevalence and associated risk factors in patients undergoing routine cardiac catheterization". J Am Soc Nephrol. 2 (11): 1608–16. PMID 1610982.
- ↑ MacDowall P, Kalra PA, O'Donoghue DJ, Waldek S, Mamtora H, Brown K (1998). "Risk of morbidity from renovascular disease in elderly patients with congestive cardiac failure". Lancet. 352 (9121): 13–6. PMID 9800739.