Carotid artery stenosis pathophysiology

Carotid artery stenosis Microchapters
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Occlusive Disease of the Subclavian and Brachiocephalic Arteries
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Overview

Embolism from atherosclerotic lesions of the carotid is the most common mechanism of stroke in patients with carotid artery disease. Thrombosis of the cerebral arteries is also a possible, less common cause of stroke.

Pathophysiology

• Atherosclerotic lesions are usually located within 2 cms of the bifurcation of the common carotid artery, most commonly o the posterior wall. These plaques can extend caudally into the common carotid artery.
• Regardless of the location, the presence of atherosclerotic plaque is a risk for developing a stroke.
• In addition to compromising the flow to the brain, the plaque can rupture and a superimposed thrombus can develop on the atheroma further exacerbating the stenosis.