Congenital syphilis classification
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]
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Overview
Congenital syphilis can be classified into early (presenting 0-2 years) and late (greater 2 years) based upon on time of presentation. There is also a diagnostic classification of syphilis used for surveillance purpose.
Classification
Based upon time presentation
Early
This is a subset of cases of congenital syphilis. Newborns may be asymptomatic and are only identified on routine prenatal screening. If not identified and treated, these newborns develop poor feeding and rhinorrhea. By definition, early congenital syphilis occurs in children between 0 and 2 years old.[1] After, they can develop late congenital syphilis.
Late
Late congenital syphilis is a subset of cases of congenital syphilis. By definition, it occurs in children at or greater than 2 years of age who acquired the infection trans-placentally.
Diagnostic Classification
The provisional case definition includes every infant (person <12 months of age) with one of the following:
1. A reactive nontreponemal serologic test for syphilis confirmed by a reactive treponemal test.
2. A positive darkfield microscopic examination on a non- oral mucous membrane or
3. A positive fluorescent antibody examination for Treponema pallidum on any lesion.
All cases that are classified as confirmed or compatible or that require additional information to be classified should be reported to the state public health authority