Atrial septal defect ostium secundum overview
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
For a full discussion on atrial septal defects click here.
Overview
ASDs at the fossa ovalis (accounts for 75% of all atrial septal defects).
Anatomy
During fetal development, the septal wall may fail to fuse causing an atrial septal defect to arise. An ostium secundum atrial septal defect is one such type of malformation arising from the irregular development of the foramen ovale, septum secundum or septum primum. It is the most common type of atrial septal defect.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Ostium secundum atrial septal defects are the most common form of atrial septal defect. They constitue approximately 60%-75% of all the atrial septal defects and account for 6%-10% of all congenital heart defects.
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Most individuals with an uncorrected secundum ASD are asymptomic or experience minimal symptoms through early adulthood. About 70% of all ostium secundum ASD patients' develop symptoms by the time they are in their 40s.
Diagnosis
Echocardiography
Echocardiography may be used as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation of an atrial septal defect. Common malformations of the septal wall include: ostium primum, ostium secundum, sinus venosus, and patent foramen ovale. Uncommonly, a defect may occur in the coronary sinus. Specific characteristics exist in echocardiography to identify these various classifications of atrial septal defects.