Atrial fibrillation risk factors
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Atrial Fibrillation Microchapters | |
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Atrial fibrillation risk factors On the Web | |
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Directions to Hospitals Treating Atrial fibrillation risk factors | |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Atrial fibrillation risk factors | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The most common cause of atrial fibrillation is atrial dilation associated with hypertension. Approximately 1/3 of patients have familial atrial fibrillation which is due to an underlying genetic disorder. Given the number of patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting in the developed world, this is an increasing underlying cause of atrial fibrillation. Other general causes include the advancing age of the population this hemodynamic stress of heart failure and valvular heart disease, myocardial ischemia, a variety of inflammatory disorders, pulmonary diseases, alcohol and drug abuse, and endocrine disorders.
Risk Factors
Reversible or Modifiable Underlying Conditions Associated with Atrial Fibrillation
- Alcohol and alcohol withdrawal
- Breath spray which contains alcohol [1]
- Caffeine (coffee or tea)
- Cocaine
- Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
- Esophageal surgery
- Hyperthyroidism
- Hypomagnesemia[2]
- Hypothermia
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypoxia
- Pericarditis and pericardial disease in general
- Pheochromocytoma
- Pulmonary embolism
- Stimulants
Irreversible Underlying Conditions Associated with Atrial Fibrillation
Risk Stratification
- Once a patient develops atrial fibrillation, their risk of subsequent events can be assessed using the following scores:
- The risk of bleeding associated with anticoagulation can be assessed using the following score:
Risk factors for Ischemic Stroke or Systemic Embolization in Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Numbers represents relative risks [3]
- Advanced age (continuous, per decade) 1.4
- History of hypertension 1.6
- Heart failure or impaired left ventricular systolic function 1.4
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) 1.5
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) 1.7
- Previous stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) 2.5
Reference
- ↑ Ridker PM, Gibson CM, Lopez R (1989). "Atrial fibrillation induced by breath spray". N Engl J Med. 320 (2): 124. PMID 2914028.
- ↑ May Khan A, Lubitz SA, Sullivan LM, Sun JX, Levy D, Vasan RS; et al. (2012). "Low Serum Magnesium and the Development of Atrial Fibrillation in the Community: The Framingham Heart Study". Circulation. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.082511. PMID 23172839.
- ↑ Estes NA, Halperin JL, Calkins H, Ezekowitz MD, Gitman P, Go AS et al. (2008) ACC/AHA/Physician Consortium 2008 clinical performance measures for adults with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and the Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement (Writing Committee to Develop Clinical Performance Measures for Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 117 (8):1101-20. DOI:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187192 PMID: 18283199