Ventricular tachycardia epidemiology and demographics
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-in Chief: Avirup Guha, M.B.B.S.[2]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) is an important cause of 150,000 to 300,000 out of hospital sudden deaths that occur annually in the US.[1]
- The most common cause of wide complex tachycardia(WCT) is ventricular tachycardia (VT), which accounts for 80% of all cases of WCT.[2]Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with aberrancy accounts for 15% to 20% of WCTs. SVTs with bystander preexcitation and antidromic atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT) account for 1% to 6% of WCTs.[3]
- However, the underlying substrate varies: ischemic heart disease in 75–80% cases; idiopathic cardiomyopathy in 10–15%; and 1–2% due to rare monogenic mutations in cardiac ion channels or associated proteins.[4]
- Brugada Syndrome may account for up to 50% of all SCDs in young individuals without structural heart disease. [4]
- The prevalence of nonsustained VT detected by 24-hour ambulatory ECGs was 4% in 98 elderly, disease-free individuals in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging,[5] 4% in 106 active elderly people,[6] 2% in 50 elderly people without cardiovascular disease,[7] 4% in 729 elderly women and 13% in 643 elderly men in the Cardiovascular Health Study,[8] 3% in 135 elderly men and 2% in 297 elderly women without cardiovascular disease,[9] 9% in 385 elderly men and 8% in 806 elderly women with hypertension, valvular disease, or cardiomyopathy,[9] 6% in 395 elderly men and 15% in 771 elderly women with coronary artery disease (CAD),[9] and 5% in a well population of 80 year olds in the Bronx Longitudinal Aging Study.[10]
- The prevalence of complex ventricular arrhythmia in elderly people in these studies was 50%,[5] 31%,[6] 20%,[7] 16% in women and 28% in men,[8] 31% in men and 30% in women without cardiovascular disease,[9] 54% in men and 55% in women with hypertension, valvular disease, or cardiomyopathy,[9] and 69% in men and 68% in women with CAD.[9]
References
- ↑ Stevenson WG (2009). "Ventricular scars and ventricular tachycardia". Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 120: 403–12. PMC 2744510. PMID 19768192.
- ↑ Gupta AK, Thakur RK (2001). "Wide QRS complex tachycardias". Med Clin North Am. 85 (2): 245–66, ix–x. PMID 11233948.
- ↑ Issa Z, Miller JM, Zipes DP(2009). Approach to Wide QRS Complex Tachycardias. Arrhythmology and Electrophysiology: A Companion to Braunwald's heart disease (1st ed., pp. 393). Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Zipes DP, Jalife J(2009). Cardiac electrophysiology: from cell to bedside (5th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Fleg JL, Kennedy HL (1982). "Cardiac arrhythmias in a healthy elderly population: detection by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography". Chest. 81 (3): 302–7. PMID 7056104.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Camm AJ, Evans KE, Ward DE, Martin A (1980). "The rhythm of the heart in active elderly subjects". Am Heart J. 99 (5): 598–603. PMID 7369099.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Kantelip JP, Sage E, Duchene-Marullaz P (1986). "Findings on ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring in subjects older than 80 years". Am J Cardiol. 57 (6): 398–401. PMID 3946253.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Manolio TA, Furberg CD, Rautaharju PM, Siscovick D, Newman AB, Borhani NO; et al. (1994). "Cardiac arrhythmias on 24-h ambulatory electrocardiography in older women and men: the Cardiovascular Health Study". J Am Coll Cardiol. 23 (4): 916–25. PMID 8106697.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 Aronow WS, Ahn C, Mercando AD, Epstein S, Kronzon I (2002). "Prevalence and association of ventricular tachycardia and complex ventricular arrhythmias with new coronary events in older men and women with and without cardiovascular disease". J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 57 (3): M178–80. PMID 11867655.
- ↑ Frishman WH, Sokol S, Aronson MK, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Katzman R (1998). "Risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and dementia in the elderly". Curr Probl Cardiol. 23 (1): 1–62. PMID 9494777.