Myopia causes
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[3]
Causes
Because in the most common, "simple" myopia, the eye length is too long, any etiologic explanation must account for such axial elongation. To date, no single [[theory] ]has been able to satisfactorily explain this elongation.
- In the early 1900s, William Bates controversially asserted that myopia, as with all refractive errors, resulted from a particular type of "eyestrain" that was itself a result of "mental strain".[1] He stated that the shape of the eyeball responded instantaneously to the action of the extraocular muscles upon it[2] and that myopia was produced due to contraction of the inferior oblique and superior oblique muscles which lengthened the eye.[3] According to Bates, myopia was associated with a "strain" to see distance objects rather than near work.[4] Bates theories were rejected by mainstream ophthalmologists of his time and remain so today. [5][6]
- In the mid-1900s, mainstream ophthalmologists and optometrists believed myopia to be primarily hereditary; the influence of near work in its development seemed "incidental" and the increased prevalence of the condition with increasing age was viewed as a "statistical curiosity".[7][8][9]
- Among mainstream researchers and eye care professionals, myopia is now thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors.[10][11]
References
- ↑ "Chapter X: Strain."
- ↑ "Chapter VII: The Variability of the Refraction of the Eye."
- ↑ Chapter IV : The Truth about Accommodation as Demonstrated by Experiments on the Eye Muscles of Fish, Cats, Dogs, Rabbits and Other Animals."
- ↑ "Chapter I: Introductory."
- ↑ Robyn E. Bradley (September 23, 2003). "ADVOCATES SEE ONLY BENEFITS FROM EYE EXERCISES" (PDF). The Boston Globe (MA).
- ↑ Rawstron JA, Burley CD, Elder MJ (2005). "A systematic review of the applicability and efficacy of eye exercises". J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 42 (2): 82–8.
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- ↑ Mutti D. "Can We Conquer Myopia?" Review of Optomery. Optometric Study Center: April, 2001.
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