Epistaxis causes
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Editor in Chief: Liudvikas Jagminas, M.D., FACEP [1] Phone: 401-729-2419; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Marcelo R. Zacarkim, M.D. [2]
Causes
Common Causes
- Allergies
- Dry nasal mucosa
- Facial trauma
- Foreign body in nose
- Mechanical trauma
- Nasal trauma
- Rhinitis
Causes by Organ System
| Cardiovascular | Atherosclerosis, Heart failure (due to an increase in venous pressure), Hypertension |
| Chemical / poisoning | Chemical irritants, Cocaine |
| Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
| Drug Side Effect | Anticoagulant use, Antiplatelet medication, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Desmopressin, Fexofenadine, Ibuprofen, Inhaled steroids, Isotretinoin, Narcotics, Warfarin |
| Ear Nose Throat | Abnormal nasal anatomy, Acute sinusitis, Allergic rhinitis, Antrostomy, Barotrauma, Broken nose, Chronic sinusitis, Common cold, Deviated nasal septum, Dry nasal mucosa, Endoscopic sinus procedures, Facial surgery, Foreign body in nose, Nasal congestion, Nasal excoriation, Nasal infection, Nasal polyp, Nasal trauma, Nasal tumors, Nasal ulceration, Nose picking, Rhinoplasty, Rhinoscleroma, Septal granulomas, Septal perforation, Septoplasty, Sinus tumor, Surgery (such as septoplasty and endoscopic sinus surgery) Viral rhinitis, Juvenile nasal angiofibroma |
| Endocrine | No underlying causes |
| Environmental | No underlying causes |
| Gastroenterologic | Gastroesophageal reflux , Hepatitis, Cystic fibrosis |
| Genetic | No underlying causes |
| Hematologic | Aplastic anemia, Blood dyscrasias, Christmas disease, Coagulopathies, Hemophilia, Hematological malignancy, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasis, Leukemia, Polycythemia vera, Purpura, Thrombocytopenia, Von Willebrand's disease |
| Iatrogenic | Iatrogenic, Nasal prong O2 which tends to dry the nasal mucosa |
| Infectious Disease | Pertussis, Syphilis, Tuberculosis, Viral rhinitis |
| Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
| Neurologic | Migraine |
| Nutritional / Metabolic | Malnutrition (especially anemia), Vitamin C deficiency, Vitamin K deficiency |
| Obstetric/Gynecologic | Pregnancy |
| Oncologic | Intranasal rhabdomyosarcoma, Intranasal tumors (Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in adult, and nasopharyngeal angiofibroma in adolescent males), Juvenile nasal angiofibroma, Nasal tumors, Rhinoscleroma, Sinus tumor, Leukemia |
| Opthalmologic | Orbital decompression |
| Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
| Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
| Pulmonary | Acute respiratory tract infection, Cystic fibrosis |
| Renal / Electrolyte | Renal dialysis |
| Rheum / Immune / Allergy | Allergies, Scleroma, Systemic lupus erythematosus, Wegener granulomatosis, Cystic fibrosis |
| Sexual | No underlying causes |
| Trauma | Skull fracture, Trauma to Little's area, Nasal trauma |
| Urologic | No underlying causes |
| Dental | Dental extraction |
| Miscellaneous | Aging, Alcohol (due to vasodilation), Cold dry air, Excessive dieting, Rapid weight loss, Sarcoidosis |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
References
- ↑ Singhi SC, Mathew JL, Jindal A (2011). "Clinical pearls in respiratory diseases". Indian J Pediatr. 78 (5): 603–8. doi:10.1007/s12098-010-0270-3. PMID 21153894. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Janzen VD (1986). "Rhinological disorders in the elderly". J Otolaryngol. 15 (4): 228–30. PMID 3747017. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Edwards CP, Shehata N, Faughnan ME (2012). "Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients can tolerate anticoagulation". Ann. Hematol. 91 (12): 1959–68. doi:10.1007/s00277-012-1553-8. PMID 23053175. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Chen BC, Viny AD, Garlich FM; et al. (2012). "Hemorrhagic complications associated with dabigatran use". Clin Toxicol (Phila). 50 (9): 854–7. doi:10.3109/15563650.2012.721888. PMID 22970730. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Wali R, Fadoo Z, Adil S, Naqvi MA (2011). "Aplastic anemia: clinicohaematological features, treatment and outcome analysis". J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 21 (4): 219–22. doi:04.2011/JCPSP.219222 Check
|doi=value (help). PMID 21453618. Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 6.0 6.1 Gunn DJ, O'Hagan S (2013). "Unilateral optic neuropathy from possible sphenoidal sinus barotrauma after recreational scuba diving: a case report". Undersea Hyperb Med. 40 (1): 81–6. PMID 23397871.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Bobrov VM (2012). "[Classification and clinical observation of rhinoliths in the adult patients]". Vestn. Otorinolaringol. (in Russian) (5): 88–90. PMID 23250538.
- ↑ Abbas F, Refaat LA, Hussien A, El-Shazly AE (2009). "Hepatitis C virus induces nasal epithelial erosion and sub-epithelial rhinitis". Rhinology. 47 (4): 438–43. doi:10.4193/Rhin08.120. PMID 19936373. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Silva BM, Hosman AE, Devlin HL, Shovlin CL (2013). "Lifestyle and Dietary Influences on Nosebleed Severity in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia". Laryngoscope. doi:10.1002/lary.23893. PMID 23404156. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Jarzabek M, Trojanowski P, Szajner M, Pyra K, Sojka M, Szczerbo-Trojanowska M (2012). "[Epistaxis in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease treated with selective embolization--case report]". Prz. Lek. (in Polish). 69 (7): 317–9. PMID 23276024.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 Alessandrini M, Micarelli A, Mugnaini F, De Padova A, Pavone I, Bruno E (2012). "Unusual case of oral chronic lymphocytic leukemia presenting as recurrent epistaxis and asymptomatic intraoral swelling". Rev Stomatol Chir Maxillofac. 113 (6): 455–7. doi:10.1016/j.stomax.2012.10.001. PMID 23153630. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Reiss M, Reiss G (2012). "Epistaxis: some aspects of laterality in 326 patients". Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 269 (3): 905–9. doi:10.1007/s00405-011-1790-9. PMID 21984062. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 13.0 13.1 Baum ED, Boudousquie AC, Li S, Mirza N (1998). "Sarcoidosis with nasal obstruction and septal perforation". Ear Nose Throat J. 77 (11): 896–8, 900–2. PMID 9846466. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 Vignes S, Chaillet M, Cabane J, Piette JC (2002). "[Nasal septal perforation and systemic disease]". Rev Med Interne (in French). 23 (11): 919–26. PMID 12481392. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Bracci M, Mariotti L, Staffolani S; et al. (2012). "[Sinonasal carcinoma and exposure to wood and leather dust: analysis of 36 cases]". G Ital Med Lav Ergon (in Italian). 34 (3 Suppl): 612–4. PMID 23405730.
- ↑ Kumar R, Hayhurst KL, Robson AK (2011). "Ear, nose, and throat manifestations during pregnancy". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 145 (2): 188–98. doi:10.1177/0194599811407572. PMID 21555777. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ 17.0 17.1 El Sanharawi A, Coulibaly B, Bessede JP, Aubry K (2013). "Paranasal sinus rhabdomyosarcoma: A rare tumor of poor prognosis". Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 130 (1): 26–9. doi:10.1016/j.anorl.2012.07.002. PMID 23021978. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Rao GN, Rout K, Pal A (2012). "Central retinal artery occlusion and third cranial nerve palsy following nasal septoplasty". Case Report Ophthalmol. 3 (3): 321–6. doi:10.1159/000343700. PMC 3493008. PMID 23139676. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Verma RK, Bakshi J, Panda NK (2012). "Ectopic intranasal tooth: an unusual cause of epistaxis in a child". Ear Nose Throat J. 91 (6): 242–4. PMID 22711391. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Schneppenheim R (2011). "The pathophysiology of von Willebrand disease: therapeutic implications". Thromb. Res. 128 Suppl 1: S3–7. doi:10.1016/S0049-3848(12)70002-6. PMID 22221847.
- ↑ Islam MA, Azad AK, Islam MS, Shazzad MN, Haq SA (2013). "Wegener's Granulomatosis - A Case Report". Mymensingh Med J. 22 (1): 196–199. PMID 23416832. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help)