Headache causes

	Headache Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Headache from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
CT
MRI
Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Headache causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Headache causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Headache causes
CDC on Headache causes
Headache causes in the news
Blogs on Headache causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Headache
Risk calculators and risk factors for Headache causes

Please help WikiDoc by adding more content here. It's easy! Click here to learn about editing.

Editor-In-Chief: Robert G. Schwartz, M.D. [1], Piedmont Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, P.A.; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

The vast majority of headaches are benign and self-limiting. Common causes are tension,Neck pain, migraine, eye strain, dehydration, low blood sugar, and sinusitis. Much rarer are headaches due to life-threatening conditions such as meningitis, encephalitis, cerebral aneurysms, extremely high blood pressure, and brain tumors. When the headache occurs in conjunction with a head injury the cause is usually quite evident. A large percentage of headaches among females are caused by ever-fluctuating estrogen during menstrual years. This can occur prior to, during or even midcycle menstruation.

Causes

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System^[1]^[2]

Cardiac	• Hypotension • Hypertension • Malignant hypertension •
Chemical / Poisoning	• Amnesic shellfish poisoning • Anadenanthera peregrina • Antimony • Arsenic poisoning • Artemisia afra • Carbon monoxide • Copper • Cyanide • Heavy metal ingestion • Hemlock • Hydrogen sulfide • Lead poisoning • Manganese • Marine toxins • Monocrotophos • Nicotine poisoning • Radiation poisoning • Soil contamination • Thallium • Toxic headache • Water intoxication •
Dermatologic	• Linear immunoglobulin A dermatosis •
Drug Side Effect	• Acamprosate • Acyclovir • Alatrofloxacin Injection • Albendazole • Alosetron • Amantadine • Ambrisentan • Aminophylline • Amiodarone • Amlodipine • Amphotericin B • Anagrelide • Armodafinil • Atorvastatin • Benazepril • Bepridil • Bexarotene • Bisoprolol • Bosentan • Bromocriptine • Butabarbital • Butorphanol • Cabergoline • Caffeine • Candesartan • Capecitabine • Carbamazepine • Carbidopa and Levodopa • Carbimazole •Carisoprodol • Carmustine • Carteolol • Carvedilol • Caspofungin • Cilansetron • Cilostazol • Clomethiazole • Combined oral contraceptive pill • Cycloserine • Cyclosporin • Cefaclor • Cefamandole Nafate Injection • Cefotetan • Cefdinir • Cefoperazone Sodium Injection • Calcitriol • Chelation therapy • Chlorothiazide • Chlorthalidone • Cilostazol • Cimetidine • Clopidogrel * Conjugated estrogens • Cyclosporine Injection • Deferasirox • Dexamfetamine • Digoxin • Diltiazem • Dimercaprol • Dinoprostone • Dipivefrine • Dipyridamole • Disopyramide • Docosanol • Dolasetron • Dofetilide • Drospirenone and Ethinyl estradiol • Doxazosin • Emtricitabine, Rilpivirine Hydrochloride, And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate • Enalapril * Ethynodiol diacetate and ethinyl estradiol • Epinephrine • Eplerenone • Epoprostenol • Ergotamine • Etanercept Injection • Ethacrynic Acid • Ethanol • Ethosuximide • Etodolac • Ezetimibe • Felodipine • Fenofibrate • Fenoldopam • Fesoterodine • Flu vaccine • Fluorouracil • Fluoxetine • Fluvastatin • Epinephrine • Fosinopril • Furosemide • Ganciclovir • Gemeprost • Glimepiride • Glipizide • Glyburide and Metformin * Glyceryl trinitrate • Granisetron • Griseofulvin • Gyromitrin • Ibuprofen • Imiquimod • Indomethacin • Insulin lispro • Influenza vaccine • Imatinib mesylate • Interferon beta- 1b * Interleukin 2 • Isosorbide dinitrate • Isosorbide mononitrate * Ketorolac tromethamine * Lansoprazole • Lerisetron • Levofloxacin Levosimendan * Lisinopril and Hydrochlorothiazide • Lofepramine • Lomotil • Lisuride * Medroxyprogesterone • Mefloquine Memantine • Metaxalone * Metformin • Methimazole • Metronidazole * Methotrexate * Methylphenidate • Methyprylon • Modafinil• Monosodium glutamate • Moricizine * Nafarelin * Naproxen sodium * Niacin/simvastatin • Nicorandil • Nifedipine • Nitrendipine • Nitroglycerine • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs • Norethindrone acetate and Ethinyl estradiol * Norgestimate and Ethinyl estradiol * Norgestrel and Ethinyl estradiol * Ofloxacin • Oxtriphylline • Oxytocin injection • Omalizumab • Ondansetron • Palonosetron * Pantoprazole * Paroxetine • Pemirolast • Pergolide • Pimecrolimus • Piribedil * Piroxicam * Progesterone Prednisone • Propylthiouracil • Quinidine • Quinine • Rasagiline • Reproterol • Roflumilast • Ropinirole • Salbutamol •Saxagliptin, Saxagliptin hydrochloride and Metformin hydrochloride • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor • Sildenafil • Sodium nitrite • Sulprostone Sumatriptan * Tacrolimus • Tamsulosin • Tadalafil • Trabectedin * Tretinoin • Trimeprazine • Trimethobenzamide • Tribavirin • Trimethadione • Tropisetron • Valacyclovir • Vardenafil • Venlafaxine • Vitamin A • Vytorin • Zafirlukast * Zaleplon * Zidovudine • Zileuton • Zomepirac •
Ear Nose Throat	• Angina tonsillaris • Nasal polyp • Otitis externa • Otitis media • Pharyngitis • Rhinolith • Peritonsillar abscess • Strep throat • Sinusitis • Trochleitis • Tonsillitis • Upper respiratory tract infection •
Endocrine	• Acromegaly • Addison's disease • Conn syndrome • Diabetes mellitus • Hypoglycemia • Hyperaldosteronism • Hyperparathyroidism • Hyperpituitarism • Insulinoma • Menopause • Pituitary tumour (growth hormone secreting) • Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome •
Environmental Conditions	• Airsickness • Altitude sickness • Brain freeze • Diesel particulate matter • Heat stroke • Ice cream headache • Multiple chemical sensitivity • Second-hand smoke •
Gastroenterologic	• Crohn's disease • Inflammatory Bowel Disease •
Genetic	• No underlying causes •
Hematologic	• Anemia • Blood transfusion • Leukemia • Multiple myeloma •
Infectious Disease	Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis • Acute viral nasopharyngitis (common cold) • Adenoiditis • AIDS • Alkhurma virus • Anaplasmosis • Aseptic meningitis • Aspergillus clavatus • Astrovirus • Blastomycosis • Bolivian hemorrhagic fever • Byssinosis • Brucellosis • Bruxism • Boutonneuse fever • Campylobacteriosis • California encephalitis virus • Chagas disease • Chikungunya • Cladosporium • Cotton fever • Coxsackie B • Cryptococcosis • Cysticercosis • Dengue fever • Dental infection • Ebola • Encephalitis • Fever • Feverfew • Freshers' Flu • Giardia lamblia • Glioblastoma multiforme • Gradenigo's syndrome • Group A streptococcal infection • Haemophilus influenzae serotype B infection • Hangover • Hantavirus • Hay fever • Harvest mite • Henipavirus • Herpes zoster • Hepatitis • Herpesviridae • HIV • Japanese encephalitis[ • Hymenolepis infection • Influenza • Intracranial abscess / granuloma • Lábrea fever • Legionellosis • Leptospirosis • Listeriosis • Lyme disease • Malaria • Marburg virus • Mansonelliasis • Meningococcemia • Meningoencephalitis • Metabolic acidosis • Metal fume fever • Mononucleosis • Micropolyspora faeni • Monkeypox virus • Mucormycosis • Mumps • Mycoplasma pneumoniae • Naegleria fowleri • Naegleria infection • Neisseria meningitidis • Nipah virus encephalitis • Nocardiosis • Norovirus • Oropouche fever • Pityriasis rosea • Psittacosis • Q fever • Ramsay Hunt syndromes • Rat-bite fever • Relapsing fever • Rhinovirus • Rickettsial infections • Rift valley fever • Ross River Fever • Rocky Mountain spotted fever • Rubella • Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula • Snakebite • Scarlet fever • Scrumpox • Shingles • Siraitia grosvenorii • Sitophilus granarius • Sodoku • St. Louis encephalitis • Staphylococcal enteritis • Streptobacillus • Syphilis • Thermoactinomyces sacchari • Thermoactinomyces vulgaris • Trench fever • Trichinosis • Tuberculous meningitis • Tularemia • Typhoid fever • Viral Gastroenteritis • Viral Hepatitis C • West Nile Virus • Yellow fever • Yersinia Pestis Infection • Zika fever •
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	• Cervical spondylosis • Temporomandibular joint disorder •
Neurologic	• Acoustic neuroma • Apoplexy • Arachnoid cyst • Arcuate foramen • Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis • Arnold nerve cough syndrome • Epilepsy • Idiopathic intracranial hypertension • Multiple sclerosis • Pituitary apoplexy • Posterior cervical sympathetic syndrome • Posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome • Raised intracranial pressure • Spinal autonomic dysreflexia • West syndrome •
Nutritional / Metabolic	• Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency •
Obstetrics & Gynecology	• Eclampsia • Pre-eclampsia • Pregnancy • Premenstrual syndrome •
Oncologic	• Acoustic neuroma • Adrenal carcinoma • Adrenal tumor • Astrocytoma • Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumor • Brain tumor • Brain Stem Gliomas • Carcinoid tumours and carcinoid syndrome • Craniopharyngioma • Ependymoma • Gliomatosis cerebri • Medulloblastoma • Meningioma • Oligoastrocytoma • Phaeochromocytoma • Polycythaemia rubra vera • Subdural hygroma • Tongue cancer •
Opthalmologic	• Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy • Aneisokonia • Asthenopia • Computer vision syndrome • Ocular Neurosis • Oculogyric crisis • Progressive lenses •
Overdose / Toxicity	• Acute alcohol intoxication • Alcohol withdrawal • Alcoholism • Medication overuse •
Psychiatric	• Anxiety disorder • Functional disorders • Primary affective disorder • Chronic stress • Clinical depression • Workplace stress • Gulf War syndrome •
Pulmonary	• Acute bronchitis • Bird breeder's lung • Bird fancier's lung • Cheese worker's lung • Chemical worker's lung • Cough • Community-acquired pneumonia • Grain handler's lung • Hot tub lung • Humidifier lung • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis • Lower respiratory tract infection • Malt worker's lung • Nylon worker's lung • Obesity hypoventilation syndrome • Paprika splitter's lung •
Renal / Electrolyte	• Diabetic nephropathy • Hypercalcemia • Hyponatremia •
Rheum / Auto Immune / Allergy	• Antiphospholipid syndrome • Polymyalgia rheumatica • Systemic lupus erythematosus • Takayasu arteritis • Temporal arteritis • Wegener's granulomatosis •
Trauma	• Cervical spine trauma • Dental trauma •
Vascular Diseases & Malformations	• Arteriovenous malformation • Berry aneurysm • Carotid artery dissection • Cavernous angioma • Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis • Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis • Cerebellar infarction • Cerebral aneurysm • Cerebral arteriovenous malformation • Cerebrovascular accident • Cerebrovascular disease • Epidural hematoma • Intracranial haemorrhage • Migraine • Posterior communicating artery aneurysm • Subarachnoid haemorrhage • Superior vena cava syndrome • Vascular headache • Vertebral artery dissection • Vertebro-basilar artery syndrome •
Miscellaneous	• Agastache rugosa • Bearberry • Cluster headache • Colloid cyst of third ventricle • Hepatic failure • Intracranial space-occupying lesion • Paroxysmal hemicrania, chronic • Parry-Romberg syndrome • Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome • Spontaneous intracranial hypotension • Standing (position) • Thunderclap headache •

References

↑ Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016
↑ Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[1] Sailer, Christian, Wasner, Susanne. Differential Diagnosis Pocket. Hermosa Beach, CA: Borm Bruckmeir Publishing LLC, 2002:77 ISBN 1591032016

[2] Kahan, Scott, Smith, Ellen G. In A Page: Signs and Symptoms. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishing, 2004:68 ISBN 140510368X

[1]

[2]