Anal cancer risk factors
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamad Alkateb, MBBCh [2]
Overview
Common Risk Factors
Common risk factors associated with anal cancer are:
- Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, notably HPV-16.[1]
- Sexual activity: Having multiple sex partners or having anal sex, due to the increased risk of exposure to the HPV virus.[2]
- Smoking: Current smokers are several times more likely to develop anal cancer compared with nonsmokers.[2]
- Immunosuppression, which is often associated with HIV infection.[2]
- Being older than 50 years [3]
- Frequent anal redness, swelling, and soreness [3]
- Having anal fistulas (abnormal openings) [3]
References
- ↑ New England Journal of Medicine. 1997 Nov 6;337(19):1350-8
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 American Cancer Society."What Are the Risk Factors for Anal Cancer?"
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 National Cancer Institute. Physician Data Query Database 2015. http://www.cancer.gov/types/anal/patient/anal-treatment-pdq